591 research outputs found
Benchmark dataset for 24-hour stratospheric ozone tendencies (SWIFT-AI-DS)
No full textSWIFT-AI-DS is a benchmark dataset that consists of samples that have been derived from two simulation runs (each 2.5 years long) of the chemistry and transport model ATLAS (Wohltmann and Rex, 2009; Wohltmann et al., 2010). This data set of nearly 200 million samples meets the requirements of a labelled data set and is ideally suited for training and testing of a machine learning based surrogate model.
Two time periods were considered in the simulation runs: first from November 1998 to March 2001 and the second from November 2004 to March 2007.
The dataset covers the entire Earth geographically, but is vertically restricted to the altitudes of the lower to middle stratosphere, for which the SWIFT (Rex et al., 2014; Kreyling et. al, 2017; Wohltmann et al., 2017) approach of 24-hour ozone tendencies can be applied. Applicability was determined in terms of the chemical lifetime of stratospheric ozone, which is a function of solar irradiance and altitude. It can be described by a dynamic upper bound [Kreyling et. Al, 2017]. Within the range where the chemical lifetime is longer than 14 days, ozone is not in quasi-chemical equilibrium. Moreover, this data set focuses on the region of the lower to middle stratosphere because it is the region with the largest contribution to the total ozone column.
State-of-the-art physical process models for stratospheric chemistry require enormous computational time. Our research is focused on developing much faster, yet accurate, surrogate models for computing the 24-hour tendencies of stratospheric ozone. Much faster models of stratospheric ozone provide a new application area such as for climate models. These surrogate models benefit greatly from the methodological and hardware improvements of the last decade.
Each simulation run uses the full stratospheric chemistry model to solve a system of differential equations involving 47 chemical species and 171 chemical reactions at a very high (<< seconds) and variable temporal resolution. The ATLAS model is driven by ECMWF reanalysis data (either ERA-I or ERA5). The air parcel state has been sampled at a 24-hour time step (00:00 UTC model time). During postprocessing some variables are stored as 24-hour averages, as 24-hour tendencies or as the state at the beginning of the 24-hour time step. The dataset is stored in 12 monthly netCDF-files
Ingo Plag, Word-Formation in English (2
No full text1. General observations Ingo Plag is Professor of English Linguistics at Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf. He has published articles in specialized journals like Linguistics, Language or English Language and Linguistics and in works like the Yearbook of Morphology [2001], Word-Formation: An International Handbook of the Languages of Europe [2016] or Word Knowledge and Word Usage: A Cross-Disciplinary Guide to the Mental Lexicon [2017]. He is the author of Morphological Productivity: Stru..
Remarks on Early Medieval legal charters — The legend of “dux Ingo” and his “carta sine litteris”
No full textEnea Silvio Piccolomini in his work entitled
De Europa
written in 1458, tells an interesting story defined as a legend in terms of genre about a duke called Ingo, who lived during the reign of Charlemagne. This narrative claims that in 790
dux gentis
Ingo held a feast for the inhabitants of his province where food was served to the peasants allowed to appear before him in golden and silver bowls, while to the dignitaries standing further away from him in bowls made of clay. The researchers’ attention is deservedly raised by the query how come that this parabolical story with biblical tone was included in Enea Silvio’s work; if it had been borrowed who the
auctor
might have been he borrowed it from. The answer seems to be very simple: from the
Conversio Bagoariorum et Carantanorum
drafted regarding the lawsuit proceeded against Methodius. In the case narrated in the
Conversio
Ingo sent a charter or much rather a parchment without any writing, or letters on it
(carta sine litteris)
, which provided his legate with sufficient authenticity to demand obedience from the people.In this study-after having compared the two narratives and outlined the place of De Europa in Enea Silvio Piccolomini’s oeuvre and the circumstances of the drafting and tendencies of the Conversio Bagoariorum et Carantanorum-the author attempts to answer the following questions. To what extent can duke Ingo, mentioned by Enea Silvio and not questioned in the literature for long centuries, be considered a real historical person? Does the Conversio refer to Ingo as a duke, and if it does, what is his existence as a duke and introduction in the literature as a duke owing to? What could the meaning of carta sine litteris referred to in Conversio have been, and why did Enea Silvio not take this item over although he could have put it forward as a further proof of Ingo’s dignity? To what literary prefigurations can the description of the feast held by Ingo be traced back to, and what role did it play in the Conversio? Regarding the borrowing of the Ingo story by Enea Silvio, what possible intermediary writing and author can be reckoned with
Datasets from MIPAS and GLORIA infrared limb-sounding instruments, from AIDA cloud-chamber observations and from ATLAS and TRACZILLA trajectory calculations as used in the paper \u27M. Höpfner et al., Ammonium nitrate particles formed in upper troposphere from ground ammonia sources during Asian monsoons\u27, Nature Geoscience, 2019
No full textThe data are described in the paper by M. Höpfner et al.: 'Ammonium nitrate particles formed in upper troposphere from ground ammonia sources during Asian monsoons', Nature Geoscience, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0385-8.'
The datasets are provided in netCDF format and can e.g. be visualized with the software Panoply which is available at 'https://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/panoply/'
Die Residualzirkulation und ihr Einfluss auf Temperatur und Spurenstoffe in der Stratosphaere
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Ozone loss in the strastosphere - An overview over the activities of the ozone research group of the Alfred Wegener Institute, Potsdam
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