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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Komplementär och alternativ medicin vid cancer : från användning till en randomiserad kontrollerad studie
No full textBackground: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are non-conventional health care approaches used in parallel with or instead of conventional medicine. Little is known about Swedish patients’ patterns of complementary CAM use in the context of cancer. Patient-provider communication concerning CAM is crucial and research about communication in situations when patients decline recommended cancer treatment and consider CAM as an alternative is scarce. One commonly used CAM approach is an herbal medicinal product from mistletoe. An open-label trial on mistletoe extract for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer reported promising results on overall survival and quality of life. Due to limited treatment options for this group of patients, this approach needs to be investigated further. Aim: The overall aim of this thesis is to explore CAM use from patients’ and physicians’ perspectives and to design a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial to assess mistletoe extract as a complement to standard treatment in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional design with quantitative and qualitative mixed methods was used in Study I including 755 patients with solid tumors. In Study II a qualitative design with face-to-face interviews with seven patients with cancer and ten physicians from cancer care was used. In Study III, a study protocol for a multicenter, parallel group, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial (RCT) was developed. Mixed methods were used by two nested ancillary studies on sub-sets of participants with a translational and a qualitative design respectively. Patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (n=290) were included; mistletoe extract/placebo was added to treatment of choice for the duration of nine months. The trial is currently being conducted. Results: One of four patients with solid tumors used CAM parallel with conventional treatment. Main reasons motivations were the hope for improvement of physical, general, and emotional wellbeing and the body’s ability to fight cancer. Satisfaction with CAM usage was generally high; reported adverse effects few and mild. One third had discussed their CAM use with cancer care providers. More than half of the patients thought that cancer care providers should be able to discuss and/or consider use of CAM modalities in cancer care. Patients declining conventional cancer treatment while using CAM had a variety of reasons for their choices: many of them valued CAM for a broader perspective on health and illness in the context of mind, body and spirit. The wish to take an active stance in relation to treatment decisions and previous negative experiences from conventional care were also cited as motives. Some patients felt a lack of respect for their choices and indicated lack of knowledge and interest on their physicians’ part. Some physicians felt a need for better expertise in CAM while others did not. Patients’ choice to decline cancer treatment was an ethical dilemma to most of the interviewed physicians. Even though communication in these situations tended to push some patients and physicians to take an extreme position, both parties wished for an open dialogue with mutual trust and understanding. The study protocol of Study III was designed and published according to the Standard Protocol Items for Clinical Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines. The trial started inclusion in 2016 and has been running at nine participating oncological departments. Inclusion was completed in December 2021 and expected end-of-study is September 2022. Thirty-one interviews have been conducted within the ancillary qualitative study and 100 patients were included in the biomarker study. Conclusions: Many patients with cancer use CAM, mainly as a complement to conventional treatment to improve wellbeing. Most have realistic expectations, express high satisfaction and awareness of side effects. In rare cases, patients decline conventional cancer treatment and use CAM as an alternative for complex reasons that are worthwhile to explore in concrete situations. Patients generally wish to stay in contact with cancer care but demand interest in and respect for their choices. The majority of CAM-using patients perceive a lack of knowledge about CAM among cancer care providers and do often not reveal their CAM use; however, patients want providers to be knowledgeable and able to give advice. Shared decision-making appears extra difficult in the clinically demanding situations when patients’ and physicians’ views on treatment choices profoundly diverge. Knowledge about CAM and competency in giving nuanced advice to interested patients seem crucial for an initiated patient-provider dialogue for safety reasons, patient satisfaction and mutual trust. Both design and conduct of the RCT are an example of research filling an identified gap of knowledge and will provide cancer care with much-needed information. The design and conduct of this trial as well as its future results may serve as a model for CAM knowledge capacity building. Evidence-based medicine is the practice of integrating individual clinical expertise and patient values with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research. This thesis pays attention to patients’ values, builds professional competency and experience within CAM and acknowledges and contributes to systematic research. Bakgrund: Komplementär och alternativmedicin (KAM) är ett samlingsnamn för ett stort antal metoder som används parallellt med eller i stället för konventionell medicin. Kunskapen om svenska patienters användning av KAM parallellt med gängse behandling i samband med en cancersjukdom är begränsad. Kommunikation om KAM mellan patienter och vårdgivare är viktig. Gällande situationer där patienter avböjer erbjuden cancerbehandling och överväger att använda KAM i stället för erbjuden cancerbehandling finns det mycket lite forskning. En ofta använd KAM metod vid cancer är växtbaserade läkemedel framställda av mistel. En studie på mistelextrakt för patienter med framskriden bukspottkörtelcancer visade lovande resultat på förlängd överlevnad och livskvalitet. Med tanke på de begränsade behandlingsmöjligheterna vid denna sjukdom bör metoden prövas närmare. Mål: Målet med denna avhandling är att undersöka KAM användning både från patienters och läkares perspektiv och att designa en placebokontrollerad randomiserad klinisk studie för att utvärdera mistelextrakt som ett tillägg till standardbehandling för patienter med framskriden bukspottkörtelcancer. Metoder: Studie I är en tvärsnittsstudie på 755 patienter med solida tumörer; studien har en blandad metoddesign bestående av både kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoder. Studie II är en kvalitativ intervjustudie med sju patienter med cancer och tio läkare som arbetar inom cancervården. I Studie III har ett studieprotokoll för en multicenter, dubbelblind, randomiserad placebokontrollerad klinisk studie med parallella grupper designats. En blandad studiedesign används med två inbäddade substudier på en mindre mängd deltagare från huvudstudien med en translationell design i den ena substudien och en kvalitativ design i den andra. Patienter med framskriden bukspottkörtelcancer (n=290) har inkluderats i studien och mistelextrakt respektive placebo har givits under nio månader som tillägg till standardbehandling. Resultat: En av fyra patienter med cancer använde KAM som tillägg till konventionell behandling. De vanligaste motiven var förbättring av fysiskt, allmänt och emotionellt välbefinnande samt att stärka kroppens förmåga att bekämpa cancersjukdomen. Patienter var i regel mycket nöjda med sin KAM användning och biverkningar var få och milda. En tredjedel hade diskuterad KAM användning med sina vårdgivare inom cancervården. Mer än hälften av patienterna tyckte att man inom cancervården borde kunna svara på frågor om KAM och att vissa av dessa metoder borde rekommenderas och/eller erbjudas. Patienter som avböjde konventionell cancerbehandling hade olika skäl för sina val: många värdesatte KAM för ett bredare perspektiv på hälsa och sjukdom sett i en kroppslig, själslig och existentiell kontext. Ytterligare motiv inkluderade en önskan om ett eget aktivt ställningstagande i förhållande till behandlingsvalen och tidigare negativa erfarenheter från den konventionella vården. En del patienter kände sig inte respekterade i sina val och vittnade om brist på både kunskap och intresse från sina läkare. En del av de intervjuade läkarna beskrev ett behov av mer kompetens inom KAM. Patienters val att avböja cancerbehandlingen innebar ett etiskt dilemma för många av läkarna. Även om kommunikationen i dessa situationer kunde pressa både patienter och läkare till att inta en mer extrem position än de egentligen hade, så önskade sig ändå båda parter en öppen dialog med ömsesidigt förtroende och förståelse. Studieprotokollet i studie III är designat och publicerat i enlighet med SPIRIT riktlinjerna för studieprotokoll för kliniska studier. Studien började inkludera de första patienterna 2016 och har sedan dess pågått på sammanlagt nio deltagande onkologiska kliniker runtom i Sverige. I december 2021 inkluderades de sista deltagarna och studien beräknas slutföras under hösten 2022. I den kvalitativa substudien har 31 deltagare intervjuats och 100 deltagare har lämnat blodprover i den translationella substudien. Slutsatser: Många patienter med cancer använder KAM främst som ett tillägg till konventionell behandling för att förbättra sitt välbefinnande. Många har realistiska förväntningar, uttrycker en hög grad av nöjdhet och verkar vara uppmärksamma på biverkningar. I sällsynta fall avböjer patienter konventionell cancerbehandling och använder KAM som alternativ av komplexa anledningar som det är värt att reda ut i de konkreta situationerna. Generellt vill många av dessa patienter hålla kontakt med cancervården men önskar sig ett intresse från vårdens sida och respekt för sina val. De flesta av de KAM användande patienterna upplever en kunskapsbrist inom cancervården gällande KAM och berättar ofta inte om sin KAM användning. De flesta patienter önskar sig att vårdgivare ska ha kunskap om KAM och kunna ge råd. Delat beslutsfattande är extra svårt i de kliniskt krävande situationerna där patienters och läkares syn på behandlingsval går helt isär. Kunskap om KAM och kompetens att ge nyanserade råd till intresserade patienter verkar vara avgörande för en initierad dialog mellan patienter och vårdgivare både med tanke på patientsäkerhet, patientnöjdhet och ömsesidigt förtroende. Både designen och genomförandet av den randomiserade studien är exempel på forskning som fyller identifierade kunskapsluckor och kommer att förse cancervården med användbar information. Både de kommande resultaten av den kliniska studien och klinikernas deltagande i en studie om ett KAM preparat bidrar till ökad förståelse för specifika förutsättningar och frågeställningar inom området. Denna avhandling undersöker patienternas värderingar och ökar professionell kompetens och erfarenhet inom KAM samt visar på och bidrar till systematisk forskning. På detta sätt bidrar den till utvecklingen av en evidensbaserad medicin där individuell klinisk expertis och patienters värderingar integreras med den bästa tillgängliga vetenskapliga kunskapen från systematisk forskning. Forskningsfinansiärer:Dagmar Ferbs Minnesfond, projekt MISTRALGyllenbergs stiftelse, projektnummer 2014, 2018Onkologiska klinikens gåvofond, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, projektnummer K0777-2011Regionalt Cancer Centrum, projekt 2013, 2015</p
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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