1,721,029 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Beyond the scope of erosive osteoarthritis of the interphalangeal finger joints: new insights from epidemiological, clinical and imaging based studies
No full textOsteoarthritis of the hand (HOA) is a common musculoskeletal disorder characterized by degradation of cartilage and changes in subchondral bone. The disease has a heterogeneous character and several subsets have been proposed. One of the subsets is affecting the interphalangeal (IP) finger joints: 2 subtypes are recognized, the erosive and non-erosive type. The diagnosis of erosive osteoarthritis of the IP finger joints (EOA) is based on the presence of radiographic subchondral erosions which lead to deformities and sometimes bony ankylosis of the joint. The higher clinical burden and worse outcome than non-erosive IP finger joint OA is apparent from daily clinical practice. Although the radiographic features of EOA are well characterized, the etiopathogenesis of the disease and etiology responsible to drive the ‘inflammatory clinical picture’ of EOA are less well understood. The aim of this work described in this thesis is to contribute to the knowledge on EOA in several aspects, in order to improve the approach to patients with several subtypes of HOA. In addition, we aimed to situate the level of pain and functional impairment in EOA in relation to other rheumatic disorders. With the use of imaging tools, we tried to identify differences in anatomic basis between EOA and non-erosive OA. Ultimately, the better knowledge and recognition of the disease and its subtypes may contribute to adequate treatment.
The first part of this thesis studied the differences in functional impairment and pain between several groups of HOA, depending on the presence of erosive disease, and patients with inflammatory arthritis of the finger joints. Functional impairment was measured by the AUSCAN and FIHOA questionnaires. Patients with EOA experienced more pain and similar levels of functional impairment compared to patients with ‘low disease activity’ inflammatory arthritis after correction for number of erosive and active inflammatory joints. The clinical burden of EOA is shown to be higher than non-erosive OA. While the number of radiographic affected joints seems to be the strongest predictor for functional impairment in patients with EOA, the number of tender joints is the strongest predictor towards pain. The pain experienced by patients with EOA is insufficiently covered by the present analgesics and new treatment modalities are warranted to prevent structural damage.
In the second part of this thesis, the Dutch version of the FIHOA was developed and validated in a small cohort of patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic HOA. It was found to be valid for use in HOA and construct validity was demonstrated with the AUSCAN as referent. A different approach towards function between both questionnaires was suggested: while AUSCAN is more sensitive to the presence of pain, FIHOA is more influenced by the presence of underlying structural damage. However, no superiority of one of both questionnaires was proven.
Additionally, a new outcome measure to quantify radiographic progression in EOA was developed and validated. The Ghent University Scoring System, GUSS™, is a new quantitative scoring system based on scoring pathology in subchondral bone, subchondral plate and joint space narrowing. The scoring system is developed for monitoring radiographic progression and should not be used for diagnostic purposes. A decrease in total score reflects erosive progression, while an increase represents radiographic reparative phenomena. The scoring system was proven to be reliable and sensitive to change. A minimal change of at least 40 units over 12 months has to be present to detect ‘real’ change over measurement error. However, this can still be reduced by training.
The third part of this thesis reports the results of a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial in which the efficacy of adalimumab, a monoclonal anti-TNF-α antibody in EOA was assessed. Sixty patients were allocated to treatment with adalimumab or placebo during 12 months. Adalimumab, 40 mg, or placebo was administered subcutaneously, every two weeks. The primary endpoint of this study was the radiographic erosive progression. Secondary endpoints were clinical outcomes, such as number of tender and swollen joints, and functional impairment (by AUSCAN). Adalimumab is proven to be efficacious in reducing the number of new erosive joints in a subgroup of patients presenting with palpable joint effusion at baseline. Significantly less erosive evolution is seen in these joints in the adalimumab treated group compared to placebo. Clinical data do not show improvement in the adalimumab treated group compared to placebo. Safety data are reassuring and do not show significant differences between both groups. The results need confirmation in larger clinical trials and the significance of the palpable joint effusion as prognostic factor for response to TNF-α blockers should be further investigated.
In the fourth part of this thesis, the sonographic soft tissue and structural changes were explored in EOA and compared with non-erosive OA patients. A descriptive sonographic and a comparative study between US, MRI, radiography, and clinical examination were performed. US is able to detect erosions in the radiographic phases preceding the erosive phase. Sensitivity of US is higher in detecting erosions compared to radiography without loss of specificity. Sonographic soft tissue changes are commonly seen in EOA and in non-erosive OA. These can not be interpreted to be disease-specific for EOA. In EOA, soft tissue changes did occur twice as frequent in ‘E’ joints compared to the other pre-erosive radiographic phases. However, the contribution of these ‘inflammatory’ or soft tissue changes in the erosive process of OA needs to be further elucidated.. US is proven to be a valid imaging tool in EOA: high agreement with MRI was found in detecting synovitis, joint effusion, and erosions. This implies that ‘true’ erosions, and soft tissue changes are detected by US in EOA and non-erosive OA.
In conclusion, this thesis provides a valuable contribution to the current knowledge on EOA and other subtypes of HOA. It provides new insights on the clinical presentation and highlights the clinical burden of EOA, warranting more aggressive treatment. The results described in this thesis contribute to our understanding of the anatomic basis of EOA. The effect of monoclonal anti-TNF-α antibodies on the radiographic progression of EOA adds to the knowledge on the cytokines involved in the disease. We have addressed several aspects of this subtype of HOA and conclude that this complex disease and the patients suffering from it merit more attention to further unravel the pathogenesis and etiology and investigate the potential of new treatment modalities
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Exploring pain, inflammation, and loading in knee osteoarthritis : implications for self-management strategies
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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