1,720,962 research outputs found
Effect of number of stems per plant on the growth and yield of four sweet pepper varieties
No full textSeed Systems in the Four Shallot Producing Areas of Java: A Focus Group Discussion
No full textUnderstanding shallot seed systems is crucial for managing crop biodiversity on-farm where it is of both private value to farmers and social significance for future crop improvement and the resilience of the farming system. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was carried out in Cirebon-West Java, Brebes-Central Java, Bantul-Yogyakarta S.R and Nganjuk-East Java. In Java, FGDs estimate that the share of formal seed sector in the total shallot seed supply rarely exceeds 5%. Hence, the seed supply is heavily relied on the informal seed system in which farmers use their-own strategies, including farmer-saved seeds, farmer seed exchange, and farmer-managed seed production. In the meantime, FGDs indicate that both systems in general are still characterized by low quality seeds, limited clean/healthy seeds, lack of supporting qualified human resources, lack of supporting infra-structure, and low transfer of seed technology. Both systems actually have considerable strengths to be leveraged and weaknesses to be improved. Therefore, FGDs suggest that integrating and recognizing the coexistence of the formal and informal seed systems in the four shallot producing areas in Java should be embraced to optimize the mutual benefits between the two systems
Innovation attributes and their linkages to behavioral drivers of farmers’ intention to adopt True Shallot Seed
Full text linkTrue Shallot Seed (TSS) has been promoted as an alternative solution to overcome shallot yield problems in Indonesia. A case study method was employed to assess perceptions of innovation attributes and their linkages to behavioral drivers of farmers’ intention to adopt TSS. Respondents were shallot farmers in Cirebon and Brebes involved in participatory on-farm trials. All innovation attributes, i.e. relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, triability and observability are perceived as positive by farmers. Farmers’ attitudes toward TSS suggest a favorable evaluation of TSS innovation. Concerning subjective norms, farmers believe that researchers/extension workers encourage their behavior to adopt TSS. In terms of behavioral control, farmers perceive the ease of performing TSS adoption. Meanwhile, farmers also indicate a high intention to perform the behavior of adopting TSS. This pre-adoption case study has generated some hypotheses for further detailed examination and test. Those hypotheses address important research needs, such as understanding TSS innovation attributes as perceived by farmers, the antecedents of farmers’ attitudes toward TSS, and the role of farmers’ behavioral preferences toward intentions to adopt TSS. It is recommended to integrate the innovation diffusion theory with the theory of planned behavior as the framework for future adoption studies using survey research method
Persepsi dan Adaptasi Petani Sayuran Terhadap Perubahan Iklim di Sulawesi Selatan
No full text<p>Perubahan iklim di Indonesia dalam jangka menengah ke depan akan menjadi ancaman serius bagi ketahanan pangan. Penelitian survey dilaksanakan di ekosistem dataran tinggi dan rendah Sulawesi Selatan (mencakup tiga pola musim yaitu sektor barat, peralihan, dan timur) pada bulan Juni-Agustus 2012. Pada setiap ekosistem, 110 petani dipilih secara acak, sehingga total responden adalah 220 petani sayuran. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Penelitian ini diarahkan untuk mempelajari adaptasi aktual yang dilakukan pada tingkat usahatani, serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menjadi kendala adaptasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 36 opsi adaptasi yang ditawarkan, mayoritas responden mempersepsi 30 opsi (misalnya, penghematan penggunaan air, penggunaan varietas tahan hama penyakit, dsb.) sebagai cara adaptasi yang potensial atau relevan untuk dilaksanakan di semua pola musim. Sementara itu, opsi-opsi yang dipersepsi beragam (relevan/tidak relevan) oleh responden di pola-pola musim yang berbeda di antaranya adalah penggunaan tanaman penutup, penggunaan varietas tanaman toleran salinitas, dsb. Opsi-opsi adaptasi (misalnya, penanaman pada awal musim hujan, penerapan rotasi tanaman, dsb.) diklaim telah dilaksanakan oleh proporsi responden yang lebih tinggi secara konsisten pada semua pola musim. Opsi-opsi lainnya (misalnya, penggunaan tanaman penutup, penggunaan varietas toleran salinitas, dsb.) dipersepsi secara beragam. Mayoritas petani responden mempersepsi perlunya dukungan teknologi untuk opsi-opsi, misalnya penerapan pengolahan tanah minimum, penggunaan pestisida hayati, dsb. Sementara itu, untuk opsi-opsi lain, misalnya mencari informasi lengkap tentang perubahan iklim dan lebih giat untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan paruh waktu di luar pertanian, dipersepsi beragam antarpola musim. Keberagaman persepsi antarpola musim pada dasarnya menunjukkan pengaruh spesifik lokasi usahatani. Analisis selanjutnya menunjukkan bahwa faktor pendidikan, usia, dan luas lahan garapan sangat berpengaruh terhadap pengambilan keputusan petani untuk melaksanakan/tidak melaksanakan opsi adaptasi. Sementara itu, tiga faktor sikap yang pengaruhnya paling dominan adalah sikap berkaitan dengan pengaruh terhadap penurunan kualitas hidup, sikap berkaitan dengan perlunya perhatian lebih terhadap perubahan iklim, dan sikap berkaitan dengan kapasitas adaptasi petani. Sebagian besar petani secara konsisten mempersepsi tiga hal yang berdasarkan urutan kepentingannya menjadi kendala utama adaptasi, yaitu perhatian dan kebijakan pemerintah yang masih lemah, harga sarana/input produksi yang mahal, dan tidak tersedia teknologi budidaya yang dirancang untuk beradaptasi terhadap perubahan iklim. Upaya sosialisasi/kampanye yang bersifat informatif dan edukatif perlu terus dilakukan untuk mengembangkan strategi pengelolaan risiko iklim dan meningkatkan keterampilan serta pengetahuan petani agar dapat menghadapi variabilitas dan perubahan iklim secara lebih baik.</p><p>Climate change in Indonesia in the next medium-term will become a serious threat to food security. A survey was carried out in lowland and highland vegetable production centers of South Sulawesi (covering three season patterns: west, transition, and east) in June-August 2012. In each eco-system, 110 respondents were randomly selected and in total 220 respondents participated in the survey. Data were gathered through interviews by using a structured questionnaire. The study was aimed at assessing actual adaptation to climate change at the farmers’ level and identifying constraining factors to the adoption of adaptation options. Results shows that 30 out of 36 listed options, such as conserving the use of water, the use of pest/disease resistant varieties, etc., are potential/relevant adaptation options as perceived by most respondents. Meanwhile, in different season pattern, farmers’ perceptions vary regarding for instance the use of cover crop, the use of varieties tolerant to salinity, etc. Most farmers in all season patterns claim that they have implemented some adaptation options, such as planting early in the beginning of rainy season, the use of crop rotation system, etc. However, farmers’ perceptions vary regarding the use of cover crop, the use of varieties tolerant to salinity, etc. Majority of respondents perceive the need of technological supports for some options, such as the use of minimum tillage, the use of natural or biopesticide, etc. In the meantime, among different season patterns, farmers’ perceptions vary regarding the option of looking for complete climate change information, looking for off-farm part-time jobs, etc. Farmers’ perceptions that vary are actually reflecting their response to different farm location specifity. Further analysis suggests that respondents’ education, age, and land size significantly affect farmers’ decision whether implementing a particular adaptation option or not. Three attitude factors that also show significant influence are attitude towards impact on decreasing quality of life, attitude towards the need for more attention to climate change, and attitude towards farmers’ adaptive capacity. Based on rank of importance, the three main contraints of adaptation are low attention and weak government policies regarding climate change problems, expensive price of production inputs and unavailability of specific technologies designed to adapt to climate change. Informative and educational campaign should be continuously carried out to develop climate risk management strategy and improve farmers’ skill and knowledge to better coping with climate variability and climate change.</p></jats:p
Kepentingan Relatif Atribut Produk dan Preferensi Kios/Toko Bunga terhadap Anthurium, Lily, dan Anggrek Dendrobium
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Criteria of pesticide selection in shallot pestdisease control in Brebes Regency, Central Java
No full textFarmers’ socio-economics, beliefs, perceptions, and attitudes affect their behavior toward pesticides. This study was aimed at identifying criteria considered by shallot farmers in selecting and using pesticides. A survey of shallot pesticide-use was carried out in Brebes, Central Java. Data were collected by interviewing 75 respondents that was proportiona-tely and randomly selected from three villages in Brebes. By using factor analysis, four components are extracted and they account for 65.15% of the total explained variation. The rank of importance of selection criteria is “financial and accessibility criteria” (FA-1st), “performance, knowledge and information criteria” (PK-2nd), “safety and environmental criteria” (SE-3rd), and “technical and operational criteria” (TO-4th). Farmers with higher education prefer more PK, FA and TO criteria for pesticide-use. Farmers with land size of 1,001 - 2,000 m2 prefer more PK and FA criteria. Farmers who put attention to pesticide active ingredients and pesticide movement in the plants show a tendency to prefer to PK and TO criteria more than farmers who do not. Farmers who have participated in IPM training tend to consider all of the four criteria when selecting and using pesticides. The findings provide useful information for improving extension programs related to safe and appropriate pesticide use
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