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China, in the eyes of a Spanish Dominican, based on "Hechos de la Orden de Predicadores en el Imperio de China"
No full textWydział HistoriiCelem rozprawy doktorskiej jest ocena wiarygodności i analiza rękopisu "Hechos de la Orden de Predicadores en el Imperio de China", autorstwa hiszpańskiego dominikanina Victorio Riccio (1621 - 1685). Rękopis zawiera nie tylko opowieści o życiu i męczeństwie chrześcijan w Państwie Środka, w okresie burzliwych przemian dynastycznych, lecz zawiera także opis chińskich zwyczajów i religii z perspektywy misjonarza katolickiego – znajduje się tu także unikalna relacja Ricciego z jego osobistego spotkania z generałem Zhengiem Chenggongiem. Rękopis zawiera bogate źródło informacji na temat relacji pomiędzy mniejszością chińską, władzami hiszpańskimi i rdzenną ludnością Manili. Rozprawa składa się z 4 rozdziałów. W pierwszym rozdziale przedstawiono biografię Victorio Ricciego oraz aktualny stan badań nad rękopisami, a także historię autografu i zachowanych kopii. Rozdział drugi stanowi merytoryczne wprowadzenie w świat, w którym żył Victorio Riccio. Trzeci z kolei przedstawia osoby i miejsca ukazane w rękopisie. Rozdział czwarty to analiza świata w oczach autora rękopisu i wiarygodności jego przekazu. "Hechos de la Orden de Predicadores en el Imperio de China" jest cennym źródłem informacji na temat historii Kościoła w Chinach i hiszpańskiej kolonii na Filipinach, a także na temat relacji pomiędzy różnymi kulturami Azji Wschodniej w XVII wieku. Informacje zawarte w rękopisie są w dużej mierze wiarygodne, z pewnymi zastrzeżeniami. Należy pamiętać, że celem autora jest ukazanie wielkiego dzieła, jakiego dokonuje Bóg poprzez dominikanów w Chinach oraz udowodnienie, że „chińskie obrzędy” nie są konieczne w ewangelizacji Chin, a wręcz mogą być nawet szkodliwe.
The aim of the doctoral dissertation is to assess the reliability and analysis of the manuscript "Hechos de la Orden de Predicadores en el Imperio de China", by the Spanish Dominican Victorio Riccio (1621 - 1685). The manuscript contains not only stories about the life and martyrdom of Christians in the Middle Kingdom, during the turbulent dynastic transition, but also includes a description of Chinese customs and religions from the perspective of a Catholic missionary – there is also a unique account of Ricci's personal meetings with general Zheng Chenggong. There is a rich source of information in the manuscript, of relations between the Chinese minority, the Spanish authorities, and the indigenous people in Manila. The dissertation consists of 4 chapters. The first chapter presents Victorio Ricci's biography and the current state of manuscript research, as well as the history of the autograph and surviving copies. The second chapter is a factual introduction of the world, in which Victorio Riccio lived. The third, in turn, presents people and places portrayed in the manuscript. The fourth chapter is an analysis of the world, in the eyes of the manuscript’s author and the reliability of his message. "Hechos de la Orden de Predicadores en el Imperio de China", is a valuable source of knowledge about the history of the Church in China and the Spanish colony in the Philippines, as well as the relations between different cultures in East Asia in the 17th century. The information contained in the manuscript is largely reliable, with some reservations. It should be remembered that the author's goal is to show the great work that God does, carried out by the Dominicans in China, and to prove that "Chinese rites" are not necessary in the evangelization of China, rather they are even harmful
The Trauma of the Holocaust as a Post-Traumatic Phenomenon in Israel-Poland Relations in the Years 1989-2020
No full textWydział HistoriiPamięć o Holokauście jest kluczowym czynnikiem w kulturze izraelskiej. Jednocześnie należy podkreślić, że podejście do pamięci o Holokauście zmieniało się na przestrzeni lat. W pierwszej dekadzie istnienia państwa Izrael kwestia Holokaustu była ignorowana z wielu względów, kiedy konieczne było budowanie nowej świadomości narodu, w którym negacja mentalności wygnańców była fundamentalną zasadą. Dopiero po procesie Eichmanna (1961) nastąpił zwrot w takim podejściu.
Również w Polsce II wojna światowa jest wciąż obecna w dyskursie historycznym, ale akcenty narracji są odmienne. Kwestia stosunku Polaków do Żydów wciąż budzi w Polsce kontrowersje. Czy Polacy byli ofiarami, sprawcami, czy po prostu byli obojętni na los Żydów? Tego rodzaju rozważania pokazują, że historia Żydów była nieobecna w koncepcji polskiej przeszłości narodowej, a jej włączanie do pamięci zostało zapoczątkowane przez swoistego rodzaju aktywistów dopiero w 1989 r. Drugie pokolenie tych „aktywistów pamięci” w Polsce wzywa do włączenia żydowskiej przeszłości do polskiej historii, ale aspiracje te są blokowane przez inne grupy, dążące do zachowania dominującej narracji o Polakach jako ofiarach. Stało się wręcz dominującą narracją władz państwowych po 2015 r. Swoistego rodzaju rywalizacja między Żydami a Polakami, a tym samym między Izraelem a Polską jest de facto walką o pamięć, pamięć o Holokauście i prawdę znaczeniu Holokaustu w historii Polaków i Żydów.
The memory of the Holocaust is a key factor in Israeli culture. At the same time, it should be emphasized that attitudes toward Holocaust remembrance have changed over the years. In the first decade of Israel's existence, the issue of the Holocaust was ignored for many reasons, when it was necessary to build a new national consciousness in which the rejection of the exile mentality was a fundamental principle. It was only after the Eichmann trial (1961) that there was a shift in this approach. In Poland, too, World War II is still present in historical discourse, but the emphasis of the narrative is different. The question of the Poles' attitude towards Jews is still controversial in Poland. Were Poles victims, perpetrators, or simply indifferent to the fate of Jews? Such considerations show that Jewish history was absent from the concept of Poland's national past, and its inclusion in the national memory was initiated by a kind of activist movement only in 1989. The second generation of these “memory activists” in Poland is calling for the inclusion of the Jewish past in Polish history, but these aspirations are being blocked by other groups seeking to preserve the dominant narrative of Poles as victims. This has even become the dominant narrative of the state authorities since 2015. A kind of rivalry between Jews and Poles, and thus between Israel and Poland, is in fact a struggle for memory, memory of the Holocaust and the truth about the significance of the Holocaust in the history of Poles and Jews
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Katalog biblioteki księcia Aleksandra Ludwika Radziwiłła w Nieświeżu (1651)
Get PDFThe studies on book culture and the functioning of various libraries have been present in academic circle for many decades. For obvious reasons the interest in books among the illustrious members of Radziwiłł magnate family as well as their scope of activity as the patrons of culture have been analyzed by historians. In the context, the history of the famous Radziwiłł library in Nesvizh can be considered as a separate research topic. This magnificent collection was confiscated after the first partition of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1772) by order of Empress Catherine the Great. Some 15.000 volumes were transported to Saint Petersburg and offered to the Russian Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts (later Russian Academy of Sciences).Nicolas Radziwiłł the Black (1515–1565) is considered to be the founder of the Nesvizh library; however, its full development can be dated back to the time of Nicholas Christopher Radziwiłł “the Orphan” (1549–1616), who rebuilt the ducal palace and organized a library in one of the specially adopted rooms. The Nesvizh collection has been enriched by numerous donations, including that of cardinal and bishop of Vilnius George Radziwiłł (1556–1600), Sigismund Charles Radziwiłł (1591–1642), and many other members ofthe family.The presented catalogue was compiled under the request of Duke Alexander Louis Radziwiłł. This magnate, born in 1594 as a son of Nicolas Christopher Radziwiłł and Elisabeth Eufemia née Wiśniowiecka, received a most privileged education. In 1610 he began his studies in Germany then traveled throughout Germany, France and Italy. He returned to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by the end of 1620, but in 1624 he left for Italy again, this time in the company of Prince Vladislas Vasa. In summer 1625 he again returned to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, but soon was totally immersed in political life. Thanks to family connections he advanced his career very fast, becoming in the court marshal of Lithuania in 1635, and grand marshal of Lithuania only two years later. In December 1652 he went to Italy again and died in Bologna March 30, 1654. The manuscript catalogue of the library of Alexander Louis Radziwiłł is currently preserved in the Kórnicka Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences (Ms BK 1320). It contains of two parts. The first of them (f. 1–25r), compiled according to subjects, was written down in April 1651, then second one (f. 26r–46v), compiled alphabetically – in May and June this year. The catalogues are not identical. The first part, divided into classes, is more comprehensive than the second one (alphabetical). The catalogue was composed by John Hanowicz, mayor of Nesvezh. The manuscript has been marked with the ex-libris of the Radziwiłł library (Ex Bibliotheca Radivilliana Ducali Nesvisiensi) and pressmark (Loc. X, No 17). Hanowicz did not state usually the information about the place and year of publication, which makes the precise identification of the books very difficult. Therefore, one can only predict the exact number of the books (and volumes) preserved in the Nesvezh library at that time. It also happened that Hanowicz stated a title of this same book in both versions: once in the original Latin version and then in (abbreviated) Polish form. Among items included the catalogue one can also find manuscripts, maps, drawings and landed estate documents. Most the books were bound with white or red leather, less frequently with green, cherish, orange or red colored leather, and seldom with morocco leather or paper. The bibliographical descriptions provided in the footnotes should be considered only as suggestions, for only direct analysis of a given book (in visu) allows one to identify and link a book with the Radziwiłł Library. Some of the most precious books were kept in the castle treasury. The Nesvizh collections included also musical pieces, e.g. the libretto (?) of the first opera – Il ratto di Helena – performed on September 4th, 1636, in the theater of the lower ducal castle in Vilnius. The music of the famous opera was composed by an anonymous author, but the libretto was produced by Virgilio Puccitelli.The significance of the magnate families (e.g. that of the Radziwiłłs or the Sapiehas) as promoters and patrons of fine arts and literature was enormous and hard to over-estimate in the history of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. A further and detailed study on the content of the Nesvizh library of Duke Alexander Louis Radziwiłł in 1651 gives one the opportunity to present in full and broad contexts a truly European library collection of Baroque culture in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.Katalog biblioteki księcia Aleksandra Ludwika Radziwiłła w Nieświeżu, ułożony w 1651 r., nie był dotychczas przedmiotem szerszych analiz, choć studia nad bibliotekami magnackiego rodu Radziwiłłów mają już swoją historię. Rękopiśmienny katalog, przechowywany obecnie w Bibliotece Kórnickiej PAN (sygn. BK 1320), został ułożony przez Jana Hanowicza, burgrabiego nieświeskiego. Spisał go w dwóch częściach (tematycznej i alfabetycznej) między kwietniem a czerwcem 1651 r. Wśród spisanych drukowanych książek znalazły się także rękopisy, mapy, rysunki i papiery majątkowe. Większość książek nieświeskich była wówczas oprawiona w białą lub czerwoną skórę, niekiedy w zieloną, wiśniową, czarną czy pomarańczową, a rzadziej w safian czy papier. Oprócz dzieł polskich i łacińskich znalazły się tam także książki po niemiecku, włosku, francusku i okazjonalnie w innych językach. Katalog biblioteki księcia Aleksandra Ludwika stanowi wartościowe źródło do poznania fragmentu dziejów przebogatej kolekcji bibliotecznej Radziwiłłów w Nieświeżu
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