1,721,023 research outputs found
Integrated nutrition science: from theory to practice in South Africa
No full textObjective: To describe an integrated, holistic conceptual framework and research paradigm for a better understanding of the nutrition transition in middle- and low-income countries.Motivation: Current inability effectively to prevent the increasing burden related to changes in food consumption patterns and other health behaviours of populations in transition motivates a new approach for nutrition research and practice. In this proposed approach, broader and integrated dimensions of science and practice may be applied for a better understanding of this complex phenomenon.Result: Examples from our own studies are given and quoted to illustrate how results from transdisciplinary studies were used to design an integrated, holistic programme to improve quality of life of people infected with HIV.Conclusion: Based on these experiences it is argued that the more holistic and integrated approach should and could lead to more effective and sustainable interventions to prevent the adverse health consequences of the nutrition transition. At the same time such an approach will contribute to efforts to conserve the environment and also human, living and natural resources
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Psigologiese welstand en koherensiesin
Full text linkProefskrif (PhD (Psigologie))--PU vir CHO, 1997.The aim of this study was to investigate the nature of psychological well-being and
sense of coherence from a salutogenic perspective, and to assess the validity of the
sense of coherence construct. The nature of the salutogenic approach and sense of
coherence was analysed and described according to the existing literature. The nature
of psychological well-being was analysed from the perspective of personology,
theoretical models about aspects of psychological health and well-being and according
to specific constructs, hypothesized to be related to psychological health or well-being.
The role of moderator variables which could have an influence, was also investigated.
In the empirical study with a group of 550 participants, psychological well-being and a
sense of coherence were operationalized by means of the following measuring
instruments: Personal Orientation Inventory (POI) (Shostrom, 1974), Profile of
Adaptation to Life (PAL) (Elsworth, 1981a), Affecto-meter 2 (AFM) (Kammann &
Flett, 1983), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979), Sense
of Coherence Scale (SOC) (Antonovsky, 1987), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWL)
(Diener et al., 1985), Coping Strategy Indicator (CSI) (Amirkhan, 1990), General Selfefficacy
Scale (GSe) (Tipton & Worthington, 1984), Perceived Social Support Scale
(PSS) (Procidano & Heller, 1983), Attitude about Reality Scale (AAR) (Jackson &
Jeffers, 1989). The Numerical Ability sub-scale of the SAT (Fouche & Verwey, 1988)
was also implemented.The data was analysed for the Total Group as well as separately
for the Black and White Groups, Men and Women, Young, Middle and Older Adult
Groups and Married and Unmarried Groups.
In the present study the results indicated relatively good reliability indices for all scales
and sub-scales except for the POI and a few other sub-scales, mainly in the case of the
Black Group. The results indicated significant differences between the scores of the
Black and White Groups, Men and Women, Young, Middle and Older Adult Groups
and Married and Unmarried Groups with regard to psychological well-being and sense
of coherence. The sense of coherence construct proved to have acceptable levels of
convergent and discriminant validity and seems to be a universally applicable and valid
construct, across cultural, gender and age differences as was hypothesized by
Antonovsky (1993).
From the second order factor analysis on the data of the Total Group as well as on that
of the Black and White Groups separately, a general factor of Psychological well-being
emerged, on which some operationalizations of constructs hypothesized to be .
indicators of psychological health and well-being loaded relatively highly. The other
factors indicated that patterns of psychological well-being could be identified in which
the Black and White Groups differ in certain aspects. Recommendations for further
research and practical implementation of findings were made.Doctora
Neuropsychological executive functioning and psychosocial well-being
Full text linkThesis (Ph.D. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.The aim of this study was to come to a better understanding of possible neuropsychological mechanisms underlying psycho-social well-being and therefore to
determine whether a relationship between neuropsychological executive functions and
psycho-social well-being does indeed exist. Research was conducted in the domains of
neuropsychology and positive psychology. This thesis consists of three articles, namely I ) Neuropsychological executive functions and psycho-social well-being: A review, 2) Attentional switching and psycho-social! well-being, and 3) The relationship between generativity as neuropsychological process and psycho-social well-being. The first article argued the possibility of a relationship between neuropsychological and psycho-social aspects, with reference to a pluralistic ecosystems perspective,
neuropsychological and other positive psychological theories, such as Miller's
neuropsychodynamic model and Frederickson's broaden-and-build theory, as well as existing empirical studies. Numerous neuropsychological studies have indicated that the prefrontal cortex is involved in executive functions, with its main function to
regulate both cognitive and affective functioning. Analyses of existing empirical
studies indicated an established relationship between prefrontal lobe / executive /
regulatory dysfunction and psychopathology, but also that the relationship between normal or optimal prefrontal executive functions and psycho-social well-being is still
unclear. The first article concluded that evidence correlating neuropsychological
functioning with human flourishing, or indicating possible neuropsychological
mechanisms involved in psycho-social well-being, is sparse, presenting a serious
lacuna in scientific knowledge. The following two articles focused on contributing to filling this lacuna. "Attentional switching and psycho-social well-being" and "The relationship between generativity, as neuropsychological process and psycho-social well-being" focused on
attentional switching and generativity, as part of neuropsychological executive functions, as potential mechanisms associated with psycho-social well-being. These studies aimed to determine whether the capacity to switch attention, as measured by the Color Trails Test (CTT) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and the capacity to generate novelty, as measured by the Controlled Verbal Fluency Task (CVFT) (Benton, 1967) and Uses of Objects Test (UOT) (Getzels & Jackson, 1962), are related to the degree of psycho-social well-being experienced. As part of the interdisciplinary
POWIRS (Profiles of Obese Women with Insulin Resistance Syndrome) project, black African women (article 2 n=66; article 3 n=72) completed the above mentioned neuropsychological measures, as well as indices of psycho-social well-being, in a cross-sectional design. The psycho-social measures included the Affectometer (AFM) 2 (Kammann & Flett, 1983); Constructive Thinking Inventory (CTI) abbreviated version (Epstein & Meier, 1989); Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC- 29) (Antonovsky, 1987, 1993); The Fortitude Questionnaire (FORQ) (Pretorius,
1998); JAREL Spiritual Well-being Scale (SWS-H) (Hungelman et al., 1989); Psychological Well-being Scales (SPW-B) (Ryff & Singer, 1998); and the Cognitive Appraisal Questionnaire (CAQ) (Botha & Wissing, 2003).
The main findings of these studies were hat the ease of attentional switching and
generativity correlates statistically (p<0.5) and practically significantly with higher
levels of psychosocial well-being. From a micro-deterministic perspective it can be
concluded that frontal lobe executive functions may play a role in the regulation
higher-order adjusting psycho-social functions related to quality of life. From a micro-deterministic perspective it can be concluded that psycho-social well-being, while being influenced by executive functions, may also influence the continuous
development of neuropsychological executive functions.Doctora
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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