1,721,125 research outputs found
Completely positive quantum trajectories with applications to quantum state smoothing
No full textTo compare quantum estimation theory schemes we must acknowledge that, in some cases, the quantitative difference between them might be small and hence sensitive to numerical errors. Here, we are concerned with comparing estimation schemes for the quantum state under continuous measurement (quantum trajectories), namely quantum state filtering and, as introduced by us [Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 180407 (2015)10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.180407], quantum state smoothing. Unfortunately, the cumulative errors in the most typical simulations of quantum trajectories with time step Δt and total simulation time T can scale as TΔt. Moreover, these errors may correspond to deviations from valid quantum evolution as described by a completely positive map. Here we introduce a higher-order method that reduces the cumulative errors in the complete positivity of the evolution to the order of T(Δt)2, whether for linear (unnormalized) or nonlinear (normalized) quantum trajectories. Our method also guarantees that the discrepancy in the average evolution between different detection methods (different "unravelings,"such as quantum jumps or quantum diffusion) is similarly small. This equivalence is essential for comparing quantum state filtering to quantum state smoothing, as the latter assumes that all irreversible evolution is unraveled, although the estimator only has direct knowledge of some records. In particular, here we compare the average difference between filtering and smoothing conditioned on an event of which the estimator lacks direct knowledge: a photon detection within a certain time window. We find that the smoothed state is actually less pure, both before and after the time of the jump. Similarly, the fidelity of the smoothed state with the "true"(maximal knowledge) state is also lower than that of the filtered state before the jump. However, after the jump, the fidelity of the smoothed state is higher.Full Tex
Entanglement of Identical Particles and Reference Phase Uncertainty.
No full textWe have recently introduced a measure of the bipartite entanglement of identical particles, EP, based on the principle that entanglement should be accessible for use as a resource in quantum information processing. We show here that particle entanglement is limited by the lack of a reference phase shared by the two parties, and that the entanglement is constrained to reference-phase invariant subspaces. The super-additivity of EP results from the fact that this constraint is weaker for combined systems. A shared reference phase can only be established by transferring particles between the parties, that is, with additional nonlocal resources. We show how this nonlocal operation can increase the particle entanglement.Full Tex
Shareability of steering in 2-producible states
No full textQuantum steering is the phenomenon whereby one party (Alice) proves entanglement by "steering"the system of another party (Bob) into distinct ensembles of states, by performing different measurements on her subsystem. Here, we investigate steering in a network scenario involving n parties, who each perform local measurements on part of a global quantum state, that is produced using only two-party entangled states, and mixing with ancillary separable states. We introduce three scenarios which can be straightforwardly implemented in standard quantum optics architecture, which we call random n2-pair entanglement, random pair entanglement, and semirandom pair entanglement. We study steerability of the states across two-party marginals which arise in the three scenarios, and analytically derive the necessary and sufficient steering criteria for different sets of measurement settings. Strikingly, using the semirandom pair entanglement construction, one party can steer every one of the n-1 other parties, for arbitrarily large n, using only two measurements. Finally, exploiting symmetry, we study various small network configurations (three or four parties) in the three scenarios, under different measurements and produced by different two-party entangled states.No Full Tex
Quantum-enhanced optical phase tracking: experiment and ultimate limits
No full textWe surpass the coherent-state limit to optical phase tracking using a CW phasesqueezed beam. Our phase varies stochastically over a wide range and consequently the best precision is achieved for a finite degree of squeezing.No Full Tex
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
