1,957 research outputs found
Designing blood supply policy using simulation approach
No full textBlood transfusion is one of the critical requirements of many medical treatments. To ensure timely blood availability, the Indonesian Red Cross (Palang Merah Indonesia/PMI) has to tackle the blood supply challenges of stockouts and overdates. This research aims to develop a simulation model to determine the blood supply policy to reduce stockouts and overdates. The simulation model was developed according to the existing system at UDD PMI Padang. Simulation experiments were then attempted with some sequential scenarios and carried out on variables that affect the blood supply. The simulation result recommends the blood supply policy to reduce blood stockout and overdate at a higher service level, at conditions of the blood demand is assumed to be constant or increased
PENERAPAN ALGORITMA SIMULATED ANNEALING PADA PENJADWALAN DISTRIBUSI PRODUK
Get PDFA good logistics system can be achieved by performing various logistic activities
efficiently. One of the most affected logistic components is transportation problem. The
reason is that the expense of transportation can range from one-third to two-third of total
logistic costs. Therefore, various ways in decreasing the expenses of transportation are
needed; by optimizing the resources. The optimization of these resources can be done
through efficiencies the amount of vehicles allocation and determination the route so that the
minimum of total vehicles allocated and travelling distance are obtained.
The distribution route at PT. PDR was unscheduled and only focused on location in the
same area, so that vehicles capacities were not exploited maximally. Determination of the
route represents problem of VRP (Vehicle Routing Problems). In this research, the method
used to determine early solution is 2-Opt method. But solution yielded by this method is not
optimal because 2-Opt method is one of heuristic method. Therefore, 2-Opt method solution
is then improved by using metaheuristic method which is Simulated Annealing (SA) to get
the nearly optimal route solution. SA is conducted by large amount of iterations, so that in
this research java programming language is used to facilitate the achievement of the result.
This research obtains total reduction of travel distance for 65,82 km and reduction of
vehicles allocation by 1 unit for six-wheel vehicle and 1 unit for four-wheel vehicle with
average of the vehicles capacities used is 87,75% and mean of distribution time is 5,8 hours.
Keywords : Transportation, Vehicle Routing Problems, Metaheuristic, Simulated Annealin
Aplikasi Algoritma Hybrid dalam Penentuan Rute Pendistribusian Produk (Studi Kasus: PT. Enseval Putera Megatrading)
Get PDFPT. Enseval Putera Megatrading is a company which operates in general business and distribution of pharmacy products, general needs, cosmetics, foods and hospital equipment. In their current practice, routing in products deliveries, which is limited by time windows, has not considered the utilization of vehicles' maximum loading capacities. Distribution route from a hybrid algorithm using heuristic clustering and Mixed-Integer Linear Programming approach can accommodate such problem with time windows and vehicles' capacities utilization. Based on the comparison between company’s current route and the route from the hybrid algorithm, it can be seen that the hybrid algorithm is able to decrease total distance and total cost of transportation. This new route concerns on vehicles allocation and time windows limit. This new route can minimize the total cost of transportation that company has to pay
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN LAND TENURE LAW IN ERITREA, HORN OF AFRICA
Get PDFAfter a historical sketch of the evolution of land tenure systems in the Eritrean highlands, this paper describes the main features of the new Eritrean land law and its operative assumption that the legislation is meant to extend state control over land. The legal devices employed by the law are widely used in sub-Saharan Africa (and were largely inspired by colonial policies). The State of Eritrea frequently asserts that its recent independence gives it the opportunity to learn from other developing countries' mistakes and to avoid them. The basic patterns of the new land law, however, are common to the rest of Africa, notwithstanding the evident poor results. The central government wants its control to be widespread and pervasive. The fight against traditional social groups controlling land, at least in the highlands, is severe. Apart from a formal repeal of customary law, the state's acquisition of the power to modify village boundaries according to a scheme already completed at higher administrative levels and to introduce equal rights on land for women entails a disruption of the villages' social identity. Mandatory state control over landed property in Eritrea is, as usual, motivated by the necessity to address higher social needs. The ultimate intent, of course, is that the evolution from communal property to state property will eventually result in the widespread introduction of individual property once a sufficient level of economic development is achieved. This unfavorable attitude toward communal property is not supported by the evidence, which shows that, in fact, efficient land management can be obtained through renovation of traditional institutions.Land tenure -- Eritrea, Land tenure -- Government policy -- Eritrea, Land tenure -- Law and legislation -- Eritrea, Customary law -- Eritrea, Tenure types, Traditional -- Eritrea, Land reform -- Eritrea, Land Economics/Use,
PERANCANGAN TATA LETAK DAN SISTEM INFORMASI GUDANG FARMASI DAN PERBEKALAN KESEHATAN DI KOTA X
Get PDFGovernment Pharmacy Stocking Point in City X manages high quantity and high
volume of medicines, and distribute them to 20 Public Health Services (Puskesmas) in City X.
Warehousing activities have not been well managed; no fixed rules for storage and retrieval;
and no information system about stock location. The Stocking Point used FIFO (first in first
out) method in retrieval the medicines, but due to the difficulties of the workers to find the
location of the medicines caused the FIFO rule was always broken. It caused a lot of expired
medicines. Moreover, the workers often do mistakes in ticking the medicines data when
counting the medicines inventory and the process needs a lot of time to accomplish.
Keywords : Stock location, Sistem Informasi Gudang, Gudang Perbekala
Evaluasi Model Perencanaan Persediaan Obat dengan Pendekatan Simulasi
Get PDFPermasalahan yang dihadapi apotek saat ini yaitu masalah persediaan obat dimana terdapat beberapa obat yang tidak bisa memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen dan terkadang persediaan obat mengalami kelebihan stok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan metode terbaik dalam menentukan kuantitas persediaan obat dengan kriteria service level tertinggi dan total cost terendah. Pengklasifikasian obat berdasarkan analisis ABC. Obat yang dipilih hanya obat yang masuk ke dalam kategori A dan 10 jenis obat termahal. Setelah itu dilakukan perhitungan nilai persediaan dengan menggunakan tiga metode yaitu EOQ, Joint Replenishment, dan Sistem (Q,r). Evaluasi untuk ketiga metode tersebut menggunakan pendekatan simulasi. Model simulasi ini dibangun dengan cara memasukkan pola-pola permintaan untuk masing-masing obat serta memasukkan nilai persediaan untuk masing-masing metode yang telah dihitung sebelumnya. Dari hasil perhitungan dengan pendekatan simulasi untuk masing-masing metode didapatkan perbandingan nilai total cost dan service level. Nilai service level tertinggi dan total cost terendah untuk hasil perhitungan dan hasil simulasi memiliki hasil yang sama yaitu metode Joint Replenishment.Permasalahan yang dihadapi apotek saat ini yaitu masalah persediaan obat dimana terdapat beberapa obat yang tidak bisa memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen dan terkadang persediaan obat mengalami kelebihan stok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan metode terbaik dalam menentukan kuantitas persediaan obat dengan kriteria service level tertinggi dan total cost terendah. Pengklasifikasian obat berdasarkan analisis ABC. Obat yang dipilih hanya obat yang masuk ke dalam kategori A dan 10 jenis obat termahal. Setelah itu dilakukan perhitungan nilai persediaan dengan menggunakan tiga metode yaitu EOQ, Joint Replenishment, dan Sistem (Q,r). Evaluasi untuk ketiga metode tersebut menggunakan pendekatan simulasi. Model simulasi ini dibangun dengan cara memasukkan pola-pola permintaan untuk masing-masing obat serta memasukkan nilai persediaan untuk masing-masing metode yang telah dihitung sebelumnya. Dari hasil perhitungan dengan pendekatan simulasi untuk masing-masing metode didapatkan perbandingan nilai total cost dan service level. Nilai service level tertinggi dan total cost terendah untuk hasil perhitungan dan hasil simulasi memiliki hasil yang sama yaitu metode Joint Replenishment
Penerapan Siklus Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) untuk Mengurangi Pemborosan dalam Industri Jasa
Get PDFThis research aims to increase the efficiency of aging time in the car refurbished process in T XYZ by applying the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Action) method. The company's main problem is the high number of idle cars due to aging times that exceed standards, especially in repair, service, and preparation activities. The research methods used include identifying the root of the problem using a fishbone diagram, designing solutions using the 5W+1H approach, improving implementation, and evaluating results. Implementation results show a decrease in the average aging time: in repair from 5,333 to 3,833 days, in service from 6 to 3,333 days, and preparation from 1,333 to 0.967 days. The number of idle cars also decreased gradually to reach 86 units with an actual aging time of one day. These findings prove that implementing PDCA effectively increases the efficiency of the refurbished process, reduces time waste, and supports increased company operational performance. This research contributes to developing continuous improvement practices in the automotive industry. It can be a reference for other service companies that are optimizing productivity through a quality management approach
VRPTW Distribution Route Determination with Rigid and Flexible Time Window and Assignment Based on Number of Demand
Get PDFVehicle routing problems (VRP) are common in many companies and play an important role in distribution and logistics. Effective routing can significantly reduce expenses and increase customer satisfaction. The research entitled "Determining VRPTW Distribution Routes with Rigid and Flexible Time Windows and Assigning Based on the Demand Numbers" will solve the modified vehicle routing problem with time window (VRPTW) problem by considering constraints on vehicle capacity, delay times, penalty fees for delays, rigid and flexible time windows, and demand numbers. There is one origin depot for the company that will serve their 15 customers. The method used to overcome the problem is mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). In general, this research classifies time windows into three groups, namely rigid, flexible, and rigid and flexible. The time window model chosen is a rigid time window with a cost of IDR 561,965 and no customers are served late. The rigid time window model was chosen because no customers are served late and the cost difference is not significant or can be said to be very small compared to other time window models
Risk assesment in confined space of the ship repair at PT Bandar Abadi Ship Builders and Dry-Docks
No full textMaanrakennustöiden eri urakkamuotojen vertailu talonrakennushankkeissa Kuopion kaupungin Tilakeskuksella
Get PDFOpinnäytetyön aiheena oli tarkastella maanrakennustöiden eri urakkamuotoja talonrakennushankkeissa ja vertailla niiden etuja sekä haittoja. Työn yhteistyökumppanina oli Kuopion kaupungin Tilakeskus ja tavoitteena oli saada yhtenäinen tiivis kokonaisuus eri urakkamuodoista, niiden valintaperusteista ja päätoteuttajan vastuista.
Työssä käytettiin apuna Tilakeskuksen henkilöhaastatteluja, alan kirjallisuutta ja internettiä.
Työssä perehdyttiin Kuopion kaupungin Tilakeskuksella yleisimmin käytetyt urakkamuotoihin, joita vertailtiin keskenään. Tämän jälkeen selvitettiin myös urakkamuodon valintaan vaikuttavat eri tekijät ja päätoteuttajan vastuut. Lisäksi työssä tarkasteltiin päätoteuttajan vaihdoksen vaikutuksia osapuolten toimintaan hankkeen aikana. Lopuksi mietittiin mahdollisia parempia vaihtoehtoja urakkamuodoiksi verrattuna aiemmin käytettyihin.
Työn tuloksena saatiin yhtenäinen kokonaisuus maanrakennustöiden urakkamuodoista, valintaperusteista ja päätoteuttajan velvollisuuksista. Lisäksi työssä valmistui urakkamuodon valintataulukko. Taulukosta näkee helposti mikä urakkamuoto käy mihinkin työtehtävään.The aim of this thesis was to go over different types of earthworks contracts in house building projects and compare their advantages and disadvantages. This thesis was commissioned by Tilakeskus Kuopio. The main goal was to get a homogeneous and dense package concerning the different types of contracts in house building projects as well as to find out how those contracts are chosen and what are the head author’s responsibilities are.
First, information was gathered with the help of individual interviews, literature and the internet. The most common contract forms used in Tilakeskus were then compared with each other. After that the different factors influencing the choice of contract forms and the responsibilities of the head author were clarified. Also, the possible effects of a situation where the head author of the project would change during a certain project were examined. Finally, the possibly better alternatives to the contract factors used before were thought over.
As a result of the thesis, it was possible to get a uniform totality of the earthworks contract forms, choice grounds and the responsibilities of the head author. In addition, a contract form choice chart was created, which helps to find a suitable contract form for each assignment
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