1,720,957 research outputs found
An Exploration of Drivers of Behavioural and Morphological Laterality and Expensive Tissues in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Get PDFSpecific hypotheses have been put forth to help explain and guide further studies of patterns of brain or body growth, as well as lateralized outcomes in fishes. In terms of laterality, what I refer to as the genetic variation and laterality hypothesis has been proposed, stating that there is an inverse relationship between the genetic variation of an organism and measured laterality. The expensive tissue hypothesis, on the other hand, has been proposed as an explanation of differences in brain size, stating that for increased brain growth there must be a compensatory trade-off with other ‘expensive’ tissues. In the present dissertation I have used a salmonid species, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), to explore both the differential investment into brain and body growth, and drivers behind morphological and behavioural laterality. In the first data chapter, as an examination of the genetic variation and laterality hypothesis, I investigate how four different ‘inbreeding levels’ affect morphological laterality of the hemispheres of two main brain regions, the optic tectum and cerebellum. As well, I examine how fish in the ‘inbreeding levels’ differ on a brain-to-body ratio measure as a test of how genetic background might affect expensive tissue investment. In the second data chapter, I use juvenile salmon of six different genetic backgrounds, three domestic and three outcrosses, as well as a manipulation of flow direction (clockwise or counter-clockwise) in the rearing barrels of the fish, to investigate the genetic background, environmental, and gene-by-environment (GxE) interaction effects on both behavioural (C-start; mirror inspection) and morphological (brain; whole eye) laterality. The third chapter examines the effect of population differentiation of seven Chinook populations on morphological brain laterality, again, as an examination of the genetic variation and laterality hypothesis. In this chapter I also looked at the differences between populations on the expensive tissue trade-offs of the brain and the body, the brain and the gut and the gut and the body. Finally, in the fourth data chapter I examine the brain-to-body trade-off on six populations of Chinook salmon over three years: 2014, 2015 and 2016. As a whole, the laterality results demonstrate that there is some genetic effect on morphological laterality of the brain hemispheres, but not following the pattern suggested by the genetic variation and laterality hypothesis. From behavioural examinations I note that the manipulation of flow direction and the GxE interaction show the most significant effects on laterality. Results of expensive tissue trade-offs show that there is differential investment into the brain versus the body in Chinook salmon, and this investment also shows differences between populations examined, indicating that there are drivers to expensive tissue trade-offs which require more exploration. Investigating these areas may hold important information for aquaculture facilities, especially with regards to differential tissue investment, where often times a larger body is the end goal. However, investment into the brain may be a reflection of cognitive ability which would be of greater importance for those hatcheries rearing fish for conservation purposes: higher cognitive ability may very likely equate to higher overall survival. In regard to lateralization, the further exploration of laterality, both morphological and behavioural, can help us to better understand how and why laterality developed, its advantages, and how, and perhaps why, it has been maintained throughout the evolution of vertebrates
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
