71 research outputs found
Western Union Telegram from Gude Winmill, New York City, New York, to A. H. Woodward, Woodward, Alabama, January 21, 1936
No full textThis item is from the Woodard Family Papers, an extensive collection , including business and personal correspondence, financial records, photographs, and other materials of this Birmingham, Alabama family which operated the Woodward Iron Company
Western Union Telegram from A. H. Woodward, Woodward, Alabama, to Gude Winmill and Company, New York City, New York, January 23, 1936
No full textPlectopylis bensoni , Gude 1914
No full textPlectopylis bensoni Gude, 1914 Figs 2, 34E, 35C, 36 A–F, 37, 38A–B Helix achatina Pfeiffer, 1845: 86 [“Südamerika”]. Helix repercussa Gould, 1856: 11 [“Tavoy and Mergui”]. Syn. nov. Plectopylis achatina var. obesa Gude, 1898e: 115, fig. 83a–c. Syn. nov. Plectopylis achatina var. infrafasciata Gude, 1898f: 133, fig. 84a–f. Syn. nov. Plectopylis achatina var. venusta Gude, 1898f: 133, fig. 85a–c. Syn. nov. Plectopylis achatina var. castanea Gude, 1898f: 133–134, fig. 86a–c. Syn. nov. Plectopylis achatina var. breviplica Gude, 1898f: 134, fig. 87a–c. Syn. nov. Plectopylis achatina var. repercussoides Gude, 1899a: 333. Syn. nov. Plectopylis (Plectopylis) bensoni, Gude 1914b: 138–141, figs 70–72. Helix (Atopa) achatina – Albers 1850: 90. Helix (Corilla) achatinum – Adams & Adams 1855: 208. Helix achatina – Benson 1859c: 95 [“near Moulmein”]. — Pfeiffer 1868: 395. Helix (Plectopylis) achatina – Benson 1860: 244, 245. — Hanley & Theobald 1870: 7, pl. 13, fig. 1. — Godwin-Austen 1875b: 613, pl. 74, fig. 6–6a. — Nevill 1878: 71. — Kobelt 1879: 236, pl. 71, fig. 9. — Tryon 1887: 165, pl. 35, figs 3–5, 7–8. — Tapparone Canefri 1889: 47 (= 323). — Godwin- Austen 1895: 155. pl. 7, fig. 5. Helix repercussa – Pfeiffer 1868: 396. — Gude 1898d: 74, fig. 78a–i. Plectopylis achatina – Stoliczka 1871: 221–222, pl. 15, figs 1–3. — Pilsbry 1894: 145, pl. 40, figs 5–8. — Gude 1898e: 114–115, figs 80–82. Helix (Plectopylis) repercussa – Hanley & Theobald 1870: 7, pl. 13, fig. 4. — Nevill 1878: 72. — Tryon 1887: 165 (synonym achatina). Plectopylis (Plectopylis) achatina (var. repercussoides, var. infrafasciata, var. castanea, var. obesa, var. venusta, var. pachystoma Theob. M.S., var. breviplica) – Gude 1899d: 148. Plectopylis (Plectopylis) repercussa – Gude 1899d: 148; 1899e: 175; 1914b: 146–149, fig. 78a–i. — Johnson 1964: 139, pl. 37, fig. 3. Plectopylis (Plectopylis) achatina – Gude 1899e: 175. Plectopylis achatina var. obesa – Gude 1900a: 35–36, fig. 13a–c. Plectopylis achatina var. infrafasciata – Gude 1900a: 36–37, fig. 14a–c. Plectopylis achatina var. venusta – Gude 1900a: 37–38, fig. 15a–c. Plectopylis bensoni var. repercussoides – Gude 1900b: 91. Plectopylis repercussa – Gude 1900b: 91. Plectopylis (Plectopylis) bensoni var. repercussoides – Gude 1914b: 141–142. Plectopylis (Plectopylis) bensoni var. infrafasciata – Gude 1914b: 142–143, fig. 73a–c. Plectopylis (Plectopylis) bensoni var. castanea – Gude 1914b: 143, fig. 74a–c. Plectopylis (Plectopylis) bensoni var. obesa – Gude 1914b: 143–144, fig. 75a–c. Plectopylis (Plectopylis) bensoni var. venusta – Gude 1914b: 144–145, fig. 76a–c. Plectopylis (Plectopylis) bensoni var. breviplica – Gude 1914b: 145–146, fig. 77a–c. Plectopylis (Plectopylis) bensoni – Zilch 1960: 595, fig. 2095. Diagnosis A very variable species with medium-sized to very large, flat shell, shouldered body whorl due to flat dorsal side (although edge of body whorl rounded), strong main plica, which is connected to both the anterior lamella and the apertural fold, lower plica usually reaches the peristome. Type material The original description (Pfeiffer 1845) was based on a single specimen from the private collection of J.E. Gray, and was said to be collected in South America (“soll aus Südamerika herstammen”). This locality was questioned later (Pfeiffer 1848b: 406), and in the 5 th edition of the Monographiae Heliceorum Viventium, Pfeiffer (1868) designated “Farm Caves, prope Moulmein” as the locality of the species. The location of the single shell (holotype) is unknown, and it is most probably lost. Pfeiffer’s collection was destroyed during WWII (Dance 1986). If not destroyed, there are two possibilities where the holotype could be: either in the collection of Cuming, or the shells could have remained in the collection of Gray. Both collections are deposited in the NHM (Dance 1986). I have been unable to locate the holotype there. Since this is the type species of Plectopylis, which is the type genus of the family Plectopylidae, I found it necessary to select a neotype. The shell detailed below, collected at the type locality, is therefore designated as the neotype. Material examined Neotype (here designated) MYANMAR: 1 shell, Kha Yon Caves, approx. 16°32′ N, 97°42.9′ E, 15 Oct. 2009, K. Okubo leg. (NHMUK 20170143, ex coll. K. Okubo). Other types MYANMAR: 1 shell, lectotype of P. repercussa, Burmah, Tavoy and Mergui, coll. Gould (MCZ 169336); 3 shells, paralectotypes of P. repercussa, Burmah, Tavoy (NHMUK 20140813); 1 shell, holotype of P. bensoni var. castanea, Moulmein, coll. Linter (NHMUK 1922.8.29.45); 1 shell, holotype of P. bensoni var. infrafasciata, Moulmein, coll. Linter (NHMUK 1922.8.29.43); 1 shell, holotype of P. bensoni var. obesa, Moulmein, coll. Linter (NHMUK 1922.8.29.42); 1 shell, holotype of P. bensoni var. repercussoides, Moulmein, coll. Linter (NHMUK 1922.8.29.46); 1 shell, holotype of P. bensoni var. venusta Moulmein, coll. Linter (NHMUK 1922.8.29.44). The lectotype of P. repercussa was selected by Johnson (1964). According to the original description of P. bensoni var. breviplica, the holotype is in the collection of Mr Ponsonby, but it was not found in the NHM. Additional material MYANMAR: 1 shell, Birmanie, coll. Denis (MNHN IM- 2012-2516); 7 shells, Birmanie, Moulmein, Mission L. Fea, 1885–1889 (MNHN-IM- 2012-2517); 2 shells, Birmanie, coll. Jousseaume (MNHN- IM- 2012-2518); 8 shells, Indien, Moulmein (NHMS 122182–122189); 1 shell, Moulmein (NHMS 122180); 1 shell, Ost-Indien, ex coll. Dr. Holub 1896 (NHMS 4923); 1 shell, Mergui, Fulton leg., coll. Möllendorff (SMF 150096); 2 shells, (“ var. infrafasciata ”), Burma, coll. Bosch ex Rolle (SMF 172061); 1 shell, Barma, coll. Möllendorff (SMF 150094); 2 shells (“ achatina obesa ”), Burma, coll. Bosch, ex Rolle (SMF 172060); 1 shell (“ v. castanea ”, mixed sample with P. anguina), Burma, coll. Bosch ex Rolle (SMF 172059); 2 shells, Indien, Moulmein, coll. Jaeckel ex Edlauer (SMF 212737); 2 shells, Indien, Moulmein, coll. Bosch, ex Rolle (SMF 172057); 1 shell, Moulmein, coll. Pfeiffer ex Staudinger (SMF 102813); 3 shells, Moulmein, coll. Jetschin ex Linter 1893 (SMF 102822); 2 shells, Moulmein, coll. Kobelt 1876, ex-exhibition coll. “alte Schau-Slg.” (photographed in Zilch 1960) (SMF 150088); 3 shells, Birma, coll. Möllendorff ex Beddome (SMF 150091); 3 shells (not typical form with elevated spire), Attaram-Tal, coll. Möllendorff (SMF 150092); 2 shells, Moulmein, coll. Ehrmann ex Staudinger (SMF 150093); 1 shell, Burma, coll. Reinhardt (SMF 150098); 3 shells, Burma, Moulmein, coll. Möllendorff (SMF 150090); 2 shells, Burma, Moulmein, coll. C. Boettger, 1908 (SMF 102814); 3 shells (labelled as “ anguina ″), Burmah, Mergui (NHMUK); 2 shells (under the name anguina), Burmah, Moulmein, coll. A. S. Kennard, coll. Gude (NHMUK); 1 shell, Birma, coll. Bosch, ex Rolle (SMF 172063); 1 shell, Moulmein (ZMUC-GAS-1802); 1 shell, Moulmein, coll. Steenberg (ZMUC-GAS-1803); 1 shell, Indien, Linter leg., 1906, coll. Steenberg (ZMUC-GAS-1801); 1 shell, Moulmein, Bostre Indien, coll. Steenberg ex Dr. Stoliczka (ZMUC-GAS-1815); 4 specimens (ethanol-preserved bodies + corresponding shells), Kayin, West foot of Zwegabin Mt., Pha-an, loc. 20091014A, 16°49.676′ N, 97°40.504′ E, 31 m a.s.l., 14 Oct. 2009, K. Ohara, K. Okubo and J.U. Otani leg. (coll. PGB); 1 specimen (shell + anatomically examined body), same data as for preceding (NHMUK 20170152); 6 shells, Kayin, West foot of Zwegabin Mt., 16°49.552′ N, 97°40.603′ E, 24 m a.s.l., 14 Oct. 2009, K. Ohara, K. Okubo and J.U. Otani leg. (coll. PGB, ex coll. K. Ohara); 2 shells, Kayin, Pha-an, east foot of Mt. Zwegabin, loc. 20091014C, 16°48.783′ N, 97°40.395′ E, 14 Oct. 2009, K. Ohara, K. Okubo and J.U. Otani leg. (coll. PGB, ex coll. K. Okubo); 1 shell (protoconch examined by SEM), same data as for preceding (coll. PGB); 4 shells, same data as for preceding (coll. PGB, ex coll. K. Ohara); 1 shell, Kayin, [rubber plantation] Pha-an, opposite side of point C, 16°48.693′ N, 97°39.809′ E, 32 m a.s.l., 14 Oct. 2009, K. Ohara, K. Okubo and J.U. Otani leg. (coll. PGB, ex coll. J.U. Otani); 1 shell, Pha An, Bayin Nyi Cave, ca 16°58.225′ N, 97°29.614′ E, 13. Oct. 2009, K. Ohara, K. Okubo and J.U. Otani leg. (coll. PGB, ex coll. K. Okubo); 1 shell, Kayin, Sadsar [Saddan] Cave, Pha-an, 16°44.414′ N, 97° 43.114′ E, 50 m a.s.l., 14. Oct. 2009, K. Ohara, K. Okubo and J.U. Otani leg. (coll. PGB, ex coll. K. Okubo). SRI LANKA: 1 shell, Tinter [probably Linter] leg. (HNHM 62599); 2 shells, Ceylon, coll. Kovács, Gy. (HNHM 67067); 4 shells, Ceylon, ex coll. Oberwimmer (NHMS 122190 – 122193); 3 shells, Ceylon(?), coll. Krüper ex Oberwimmer (SMF 102809); 1 shell, Ceylon, Colombo, coll. Jetschin ex Oberwimmer (SMF 102810); 2 shells, Ceylon, coll. Bosch, ex Rolle (SMF 172058); 1 shell, Ceylon, coll. Jetschin ex Oberwimmer (SMF 102812). LOCALITY UNKNOWN: 2 shells (SMF 150087); 2 shells (labelled as anguina) (NHMUK). Description SHELL. Sinistral, flat, but protoconch usually protrudes above dorsal surface; colour variable, from yellowish to blue and flesh-coloured/reddish (usual); shells usually not monochrome, but with lighter stripes of variable thickness; ventral shell surface usually much lighter than dorsal side; protoconch large, consists of 3.25–3.75 whorls, very finely, irregularly wrinkled; ca first whorl of teleoconch with reticulated sculpture; following ca 1.5 whorls rather glossy, with rough, irregular wrinkles; body whorl rounded or slightly, bluntly keeled, above and below shouldered; aperture oblique, oval; peristome strongly expanded and reflected; parietal callus strongly developed, blunt, slightly S-shaped; apertural fold usually strong, connected to parietal callus; umbilicus wide, without periumbilical keel. Four opened shells were examined. Lambda-complex complete; upper branch does not extend beyond left leg; right leg long or very long; main plica connected to lambda-complex, continuous with apertural fold; lower plica starts below lambda-complex and runs until peristome, or in some populations stops in the middle. Palatal plicae six; first relatively short, situated close to suture; second strongly elongated anteriorly, with a dichotomous posterior end; third shorter, its posterior end descends in direction of lower suture; fourth and fifth form a vertical plate, with one or two additional denticles on posterior side, near its lower end; sixth short, curved. MEASUREMENTS (in mm). D = 17.7–31.3, H = 7–9.1 (smallest and largest specimens found in the NHM); D = 26.2–28.8, H = 8.6–9.1 (repercussa, NHMUK paralectotypes); D = 23.8, H = 8.1 (holotype of achatina var. castanea); D = 17.7, H = 7 (holotype of achatina var. venusta); D = 27.3, H = 8.8 (holotype of achatina var. repercussoides); D = 21.8, H = 8.6 (holotype of achatina var. infrafasciata); D = 19.3, H = 7.5 (holotype of achatina var. obesa). Stoliczka (1871) mentioned that the largest shell was 35 mm in width. CHARACTERS OF THE GENITAL STRUCTURE. Two specimens were anatomically examined (NHMUK 20170152). Left ommatophoral retractor crosses penis and vagina; atrium very short; penis with a longer, cylindrical proximal, and a shorter, also cylindrical but slightly thicker distal portion; penis internally with approx. 10 longitudinal, serrate folds without calcareous granules; epiphallus slightly shorter than distal part of penis; internally with 4–5 strong, longitudinal folds; distal part of penis and epiphallus bound together with weak muscle fibres; a short, blunt penial caecum discernible; retractor muscle slender, flat, and inserts on penial caecum; vas deferens slender, even near its insertion to pedunculus; it is bound to distal part of penis and vagina by weak membrane; vagina approximately as long as penis, flattened at its curving point (this is the point where vaginal bulb is developed in some specimens), otherwise rather cylindrical; uterus with three large, elongated embryos in one specimen; diverticulum triangular, robust, short, bursa copulatrix with very long, slender stalk, bursa elongate oval; a long, club-like, easily weathering spermatophore was found in bursa; slender end of spermatophore curly; whole surface of spermatophore finely wrinkled; spermatophore internally not structured. RADULA. Centrals with small, triangular cusps; endocones of laterals wide ovoid with pointed tips; ectocones of first laterals much larger than centrals; ectocones of marginals undivided, endocones of marginals mostly undivided or divided by shallow incision. See also under radula of Plectopylis cyclaspis. Differential diagnosis See under P. anguina, P. cairnsi and P. linterae. Distribution The species has been reported from several southern localities in Myanmar. Georeferenced sites are known from the limestone hills of the Kayin and Mon States. Although many historical samples are recorded as from from Sri Lanka or Ceylon, these probably all represent erroneous localities on the labels (see also Fig. 12), because no plectopylid has been found in Sri Lanka recently (D. Raheem, pers. comm., 2017 January), and this distribution type is highly unlikely from a biogeographical point of view. Remarks Plectopylis achatina was described by L. Pfeiffer (1845) as “ Helix achatina Gray ”. However, Gray never described this taxon, so the author should be considered as Pfeiffer. For a long time this species was called Plectopylis achatina Pfeiffer, 1845. That name, however, was already occupied by Helix achatina Gmelin, 1791 (see Gmelin 1791). Therefore, Gude proposed the replacement name Plectopylis bensoni. The only remarkable difference between Plectopylis repercussa and P. bensoni is the strongly elongated upper branch of the lambda-complex in P. repercussa, which differs from the shorter upper branch of P. bensoni. This, however, does not allow the distinction of the two species, which otherwise do not differ in general shell shape. Moreover, P. bensoni var. repercussoides is described as an “intermediate between typical P. bensoni and P. repercussa ” (Gude 1914b). I therefore treat P. repercussa as a synonym of P. bensoni. One sample (“Attaram-Tal”, coll. Möllendorff, SMF 150092) had three shells with a somewhat elevated spire and a slightly keeled body whorl (similar to that of Plectopylis anguina). This sample might be a locally isolated form with peculiar shell characters.Published as part of Páll-Gergely, Barna, 2018, Systematic revision of the Plectopylinae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae), pp. 1-114 in European Journal of Taxonomy 455 on pages 79-85, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.455, http://zenodo.org/record/381770
The Analysis of Architecture Image of Anande Temple - The Value and Protection of Gude Temple in Wuhan City
No full textAnande Temple originated from Myanmar, which belongs to Theravada Buddhism. Anande was the son of the Sakyamuni’s uncle, Hufan, and he finally became one of the Ten Great Disciples of Sakyamuni. Dedicated to the Buddhist temple, AnandeTemple is the most important Theravada Buddhist temple. According to literature, this kind of architectural style has only two buildings: one is AnandeTemple in Myanmar, the other is Gude Temple in Wuhan.This article mainly discusses the idea of restoration programming system of Gude Temple, one of the four jungles in Wuhan city. From the different characteristics in cultural value and architectural space layout represented by “Tianzhu standard” and “Garan seven standard”, the author explains the overall cultural understanding of Gude Temple and program the system with the consideration of cultural and environmental factors.</jats:p
Word and image. Italian Illuminations in the manuscripts of the Marquard Gude’s collection at the Herzog August Bibliothek in Wolfenbüttel
No full textThe essay presents the illuminations of eight manuscripts realized in Italy between the fourteenth and the fifteenth century and belonged to the collection of Marquard Gude. These codices are very different from each other: study books, large volumes of the Fathers of the Church, a Book of Hours, and especially some works containing the Latin classics. The painted images or the decorations have been analyzed in relation to the texts, in the effort to understand their function and the clients’choices.
In two cases, the identification of the coat of arms allowed us to recognize the original owners with the members of noble families such as the Venetian Diedo and a Cardinal of the Borgia family. The illuminations, the portraits of the author, or the all’antica or realistic decorations were produced in the Venetian area, in Florence, and in Ferrara, and in some cases were realized by important masters such as Bartolomeo Varnucci author of a Terence belonged to Pietro da Montagnana. The items analyzed show how Gude, certainly more interested in the texts, was able, during his trip to Italy, to purchase several works very important from the point of view of the history of illumination
Arsenic removal in rapid sand filters
No full textArsenic (As) mobility in water is worldwide studied since its toxicity was proven in 1888. Intake of As can lead to skin disease, cancer, kidney and heart failure, diabetes and paralysis. In the Netherlands, groundwater used for drinking water production contains As in the range from 0 – 70 μg/L. Currently, all groundwater treatment plants reduce As in drinking water below the WHO standard of 10 μg/L. However, to ensure no adverse health effects occur by the intake of drinking water, Dutch drinking water companies investigate implications of distributing water with As concentrations below 1 μg/L. The new target value causes 58% of the treatment plants with measurable As in the raw water (19% of all total groundwater treatment plants) to need some sort of adjustment to their treatment scheme to comply with the new As target value...Sanitary Engineerin
Modeling the influence of district heating systems on drinking water temperatures in domestic drinking water systems within domestic properties
No full textIn this research, we investigated the influence of the heating of drinking water in the connection pipe under the influence of nearby district heating and the effect this has on water temperatures throughout the domestic drinking water system (DDWS) of a typical Dutch domestic property. We found that stagnant water in the connection pipe warms up fast, reaching the surrounding ground temperature in about 15 min, and these temperatures can be found throughout the house at taps such as the shower and the kitchen tap. Flowing water in the connection pipe is also, depending on the pipe length, heated up several degrees. The prevention of high temperatures in the soil around the connection pipe is the best measure to prevent high drinking water temperatures at the taps.Sanitary Engineerin
Conditioning of Aggressive Water
No full textWorldwide limestone (CaCO3) filtration is used in many treatment plants for the conditioning and (re)mineralization of drinking water. The goals are to increase the concentrations of Ca2+ and HCO3-, the pH and the Saturation Index (SI), thereby improving the quality of the water regarding corrosion control, buffering and taste. Typical applications include (very) soft groundwater with (very) low alkalinity and desalinated water. In Norway, some plants use a product made of ground natural limestone, called Micronized CaCO3 Slurry (MCCS), which is dosed as a slurry of fine particles (order of 1-2 ?m) into the raw water. In this research a study is made of the potential of MCCS as an alternative to limestone filtration. Experiments were performed to determine the dissolution kinetics of MCCS and other CaCO3-products, including natural limestone grains (1-2 mm) and two precipitated CaCO3 (PCC) powders (Heyer test powder and NanoPCC powder), that consist of even finer particles than MCCS (down to 0.088 ?m). The experimental setup consisted of jars containing water in which the CaCO3-product was introduced. An increase in conductivity as a function of time was observed, which could be used to describe the dissolution kinetics. As expected from theory, the dissolution kinetics are strongly influenced by the particle size of the CaCO3 and the driving force towards the chemical equilibrium. However, all CaCO3-products needed substantial detention times (30 minutes and more) to dissolve completely. This severely hampers the feasibility of MCCS as an alternative to limestone filtration, which can be operated with an Empty Bed Contact Time in the same order of magnitude. This finding can be explained by the fact that the available mass/volume of CaCO3 in a limestone filter is much higher than the available mass/volume of particles in the dosed slurry, thus compensating for the difference in particle size. It is concluded that MCCS is generally not a feasible alternative for limestone filtration as a stand-alone option for the conditioning and (re)mineralization of drinking water. Applications of MCCS will be limited and should either be found in combinations with coagulation/filtration (which is the actual mode of operation in Norway and limits the problems associated with non-complete dissolution of the CaCO3) or in combination with other conditioning and (re)mineralization methods (by dosing a limited amount of MCCS to the raw water, which limits the problem of the slow kinetics).Sanitary EngineeringWatermanagementCivil Engineering and Geoscience
The Home Mission Work of the Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference: A Description and Evaluation
No full textThe scope of this dissertation is to describe, analyze, and evaluate the home mission work5of the Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference, which was a mission toAfro-Americans.6 The purpose is to expose the various factors which impacted this mission work and either helped or hampered its success. As a result of the study, it is the hope of the author that the church will learn from its past and manage to put fewer obstacles in the path of the Gospel it proclaims.
In making this study of the black mission work of the Synodical Conference, it became apparent to the author that the two theological disputes which disrupted the Synodical Conference, the Predestinarian Controversy of the 1880s and the fellowship dispute which began in 1938, had little impact on its black mission work.? There appear to be two reasons for this. The first was timing. The Predestinarian Controversy occurred just as the mission to the Afro-Americans was beginning, and the mission was still tiny. While it was true that the first missionary, Rev. John F. Boescher, sided with the opponents of C. F. W. Walther and left the Missouri Synod, Boescher had by that time already taken a callout of the black mission. In the case of the Fellowship Controversy, by the time the majority of the heat was generated by this controversy, the process of amalgamating the black congregations into the existing synods, begun in 1946, was already well underway
Facies reconnaissance of the upper Miocene Big Sandy Formation near Wikieup, Mohave County, Arizona
No full textabstract: A brief reconnaissance (5-8 November 2008) of the Big Sandy Formation near Wikieup (on US Highway 93 in Mohave County, Arizona) was undertaken to reconcile a reported dominance of lacustrine beds (Sheppard and Gude, 1972, 1973) with the largely terrestrial mammalian fauna reported from the formation (MacFadden et al., 1979; Lindsay and Mead, 2005). The issue is resolved satisfactorily by appreciation that nearly all fossil localities occur in fluvial beds that intertongue with and grade laterally into the dominant lacustrine strata.Contributed report (Arizona Geological Survey) ; 08-DIncludes bibliographical references (p. 5-6)
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