112,429 research outputs found
Changes in power assessed by the Wingate anaerobic test following downhill running
No full textFew studies have examined the effects of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage on power despite power being a key performance variable in a number of sporting events. The aim of this study was to examine changes in anaerobic power (30-second Wingate Test), isometric strength of the knee extensors and flexors, muscle soreness, and plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity following downhill running. Eight men performed a 40-minute downhill (-7%) run on a treadmill, and measurements were taken on 6 occasions (2 baseline and 0.5, 24, 72, and 120 hours postrun). A second group of men (n = 5) had the measurements taken on 6 occasions without downhill running and served as a control group. A repeated measures analysis of variance revealed no significant changes in any measures across time for the control group. Following downhill running, significant (p < 0.05) decreases in strength (0.5–24 hours), and significant increases in muscle soreness (0.5–72 hours) and plasma CK activity (0.5–120 hours) were observed. A significant decrease in peak and average power (~5%) was evident only 0.5 hours postrun, and the decrease was smaller in magnitude than that of strength (~15%). These results suggest that power is less affected than strength after eccentric exercise, and the effect of reduced power on sport performance seems negligible
Anticipatory pacing strategies during supramaximal exercise lasting longer than 30 s
No full textPurpose: This study assessed whether pacing strategies are adopted during supramaximal exercise bouts lasting longer than 30 s. Methods: Eight healthy males performed six Wingate anaerobic tests (WAnT). Subjects were informed that they were performing four 30-s WAnT, a 33-s, and a 36-s WAnT. However, they actually completed two trials of 30, 33, and 36 s each. Temporal feedback in the deception trials was manipulated so that subjects were unaware of the time discrepancy. Power output was determined from the angular displacement of the flywheel. The peak power (PPI), mean power (MPI), and fatigue (FI) indices were calculated for each trial. Results: Power output was similar for all trials up to 30 s. However, at 36 s, the power output was significantly lower in the 36-s deception trial compared with the 36-s informed trial (392 ± 32 W vs 470 ± 88 W) (P < 0.001). The MPI was significantly lower in the 36-s trials (714 ± 76 W and 713 ± 78 W) compared with the 30-s trials (745 ± 65 W and 764 ± 82 W) although they were not different at 30 s (764 ± 83 W and 755 ± 79 W). The significant reduction in FI was greatest in the 36-s deception trial. Conclusions: The significant reduction in power output in the last 6 s of the 36-s deception trial, but not in the 36-s informed trial, indicates the presence of a preprogrammed 30-s end point based on the anticipated exercise duration from previous experience. The similarity in pacing strategy suggests that the pacing strategy is centrally regulated
Kinetic and kinetic asymmetry during Wingate wheelchair sprinting in elite and sub-elite Wheelchair rugby players
No full textWheelchair rugby (WCR) is a popular Paralympic sport primarily played at low average speeds; however, high-speed activities are fundamental aspects of play. Successful / higher-ranked teams perform a greater number of high-speed activities and attain higher peak speeds during competition (Rhodes [2015]. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33, 2070-2078). Yet, the underlying biomechanical parameters of WCR sprinting that distinguish elite players from sub-elite within the same sports classification are not well understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the spatio-temporal, kinetic, and kinetic asymmetries of sprint performance during a 30 s Wingate test on a wheelchair ergometer in sub-elite and elite wheelchair rugby players. Twenty WCR players (age 27 ± 7 years; body mass 65 ± 13 kg) provided written informed consent and participated in the study which had institutional ethics approval. All participants were from the same WCR nation. Ten players represented the elite squad and ten the development squad (Sub-elite). Participants were further categorised according to their World Wheelchair Rugby (WWR) classification, with low-point (LP) most impaired players (≤1.5, elite = 6, sub-elite = 4), and high-point (HP) least impaired players (≥2.0, elite = 4 and sub-elite = 5). All Wingate trials were conducted in participants' own WCR wheelchairs on a dual roller ergometer. Overall, HP players travelled ~30 m further, achieved higher peak speeds, and greater peak forces and peak power over the first three pushes than LP players (P <0.001, ES ≥1.83). Elite players covered ~1 m further after the first three pushes (P <0.001, ES = 2.24) and attained higher peak speeds (3.5 ± 0.7 m.s-1 vs 3.2 ± 0.5 m.s-1, P = 0.014, ES = 0.51) compared to sub-elite players. Elite players displayed lower peak power asymmetry (symmetry index) than sub-elite players over the first three pushes (11.7 ± 5.9 % vs 22.4 ± 12.5 %, P = 0.033, ES = 1.09) and overall (13.6 ± 6.9 % vs 35.2 ± 28.3 %, P = 0.047, ES = 1.05). HP players at both elite and sub-elite level generated greater peak forces, power and propulsion velocity during sprinting than LP players. However, greater peak speeds and distances attained by elite WCR players coincided with lower asymmetries in peak power compared to sub-elite players irrespective of classification. Therefore, coaches and athletes working with developing WCR players could consider quantifying kinetic asymmetries during sprinting and where appropriate prioritise reducing this variable rather than only developing peak power, speed expression
author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 – Supplemental material for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct
No full textSupplemental material, author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct by George Wood, Daria Roithmayr and Andrew V. Papachristos in Socius</p
Changes in energy system contributions to the Wingate anaerobic test in climbers after a high altitude expedition
No full textPurpose: The Wingate anaerobic test measures the maximum anaerobic capacity of the lower limbs. The energy sources of Wingate test are dominated by anaerobic metabolism (~ 80%). Chronic high altitude exposure induces adaptations on skeletal muscle function and metabolism. Therefore, the study aim was to investigate possible changes in the energy system contribution to Wingate test before and after a high-altitude sojourn. Methods: Seven male climbers performed a Wingate test before and after a 43-day expedition in the Himalaya (23 days above 5.000 m). Mechanical parameters included: peak power (PP), average power (AP), minimum power (MP) and fatigue index (FI). The metabolic equivalents were calculated as aerobic contribution from O2 uptake during the 30-s exercise phase (WVO2), lactic and alactic anaerobic energy sources were determined from net lactate production (WLa) and the fast component of the kinetics of post-exercise oxygen uptake (WPCr), respectively. The total metabolic work (WTOT) was calculated as the sum of the three energy sources. Results: PP and AP decreased from 7.3 ± 1.1 to 6.7 ± 1.1 W/kg and from 5.9 ± 0.7 to 5.4 ± 0.8 W/kg, respectively, while FI was unchanged. WTOT declined from 103.9 ± 28.7 to 83.8 ± 17.8 kJ. Relative aerobic contribution remained unchanged (19.9 ± 4.8% vs 18.3 ± 2.3%), while anaerobic lactic and alactic contributions decreased from 48.3 ± 11.7 to 43.1 ± 8.9% and increased from 31.8 ± 14.5 to 38.6 ± 7.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Chronic high altitude exposure induced a reduction in both mechanical and metabolic parameters of Wingate test. The anaerobic alactic relative contribution increased while the anaerobic lactic decreased, leaving unaffected the overall relative anaerobic contribution to Wingate test
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Wingate anaerobik güç testi
No full textThe Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) was developed during the 1970s at the Department of Research and Sport Medicine of the Wingate Institute for Physical Education and Sport in Israel. Since the introduction of its prototype, the WAnT has been accepted in laboratories around the world to assess muscle power, muscle endurance and fatigability (1). Wingate test was designed to be simple to administered without the need for particularly skilled personnel; inexpensive; used with commonly available equipment; non-invasive; feasible for administraction to a wide spectrum of the population, according young children and physically disable. The test should be applicable to the upper and lower limbs alike. WAnT is a supramaximal exercise test involves pedaling a cycle ergometer for 30 seconds at a maximal speed against a resistance which is determined according to the subject’s body weight. WAnT is proven to be valid and reliable and the most popular anaerobic performance test. The purpose of this article review was to describe WAnT in all dimensions.Wingate Anaerobik Testi (WAnT) İsrail’de, Wingate Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Enstitüsünün Araştırma ve Spor Sağlığı bölümünde 1970’lerde geliştirilmiştir. İlk prototipi sunulduğundan beri tüm dünyada birçok laboratuarda kas gücünü, kas dayanıklılığını ve yorgunluğunu belirlemekte kullanılan bir test olarak kabul görmektedir (1). WAnT uygulaması basit, özel becerili personel gerektirmeyen, ucuz ve kolay edinilebilir aletlerle yapılabilen, invaziv olmayan ve toplumun her kesimine, hatta çocuklara ve engellilere bile uygulanabilen bir test olarak geliştirilmiştir. WAnT alt ekstremitelere olduğu kadar üst ekstremitelere de uygulanabilir. WAnT 30 saniye süre ile vücut ağırlığına dayanan sabit bir yüke karşı maksimum hızla pedal çevirmeyi kapsayan supramaksimal bir testtir. Bu test geçerliği ve güvenirliği kanıtlanmış çok popüler anaerobik performans testidir. Bu yazıda da WAnT tüm yönleriyle ele alınmştır.  
Retrospective evaluation of results Wingate test in their junior national U18 v ledním hokeji
No full textTitle: Retrospective evaluation of results Wingate test in their junior national U18 Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to compare condition levels according to the Wingate test and game results achieved in individual MSJ U18 and determine the degree of functional dependence Wingate anaerobic test parameters according to the U18 category, with a later application of the elite players in the world competitions. Methods: In this thesis has been used retrospective collection of quantitative data from sources ČSLH. Evaluation data were gathered using a correlation relationships of speed and power variables and placement classes at MSJ, respectively. achieved level of competition. The comparison of speed and power variables between years was used analysis of variance with repeated measurements. Results: It was found that the velocity-force characteristics ice hockey player found Wingate test does not have a statistically significant effect on the location of MSJ year and only low statistical significance was found between the variable ANC/kg and the level of competition achieved by the player. The difference between years in speed and power characteristics were not reported. Keywords: ice hockey, condition, player, forward, defender, Wingate test
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Establishment of the highest peak anaerobic power prior to the commencement of the anaerobic Wingate test
No full textCertaines étapes méthodologiques du test de Wingate demandent un haut degré de précision et de concentration en terme de séquence temporelle et de niveau d'effort. Pour surmonter de possibles problèmes liés aux éléments cités, une procédure de familiarisation standardisée doit être dévelopée avant le début du test. Examen des effets de 6 à 8 sprints de 6 secondes réalisés sur ergomètre de vélo sur la puissance anaérobie maximale avant la conduite du test de Wingate
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