1,721,029 research outputs found
Semi-Nonparametric Estimation of Binary Choice Models Using Panel Data : an Application to the Innovative Activity of German Firms
No full textFrançois Laisney, Michael Lechner and Winfried Pohlmeier This paper presents an extension of Chamberlain's approach to modelling correlated random effects in a dichotomous model estimated on panel data. The extension consists in relaxing the arbitrary normality assumption made on all error terms and on specifying instead a SNP distribution for the composite error term resulting in each wave from Chamberlain's treatment of correlated random effects. An application to a panel of 1325 German firms illustrates the feasibility of the approach.
Employment and Wage Effects of Social Security Financing: An Empirical Analysis of the West German Experience and some Policy Simulations
Full text linkThis paper follows up recent work on the relationship between (un?)employment and wage effects of social security financing undertaken by the OECD Jobs Study. Based on a simple macroeconometric model of the labour market, I investigate whether the peculiar OECD results for Germany on the incidence of social security contributions and taxes also hold up within a somewhat different model. The study also provides some policy simulations to answer the topical question whether increasing indirect taxes to finance a reduction of the contribution rates to social security levied on employees and employers in Germany. The main result of the paper is that there is in fact a positive short?run employment effect of a revenue neutral switch of financing social security expenditures by increasing indirect taxes and reducing employers' contribution rates, but in the longer?term only modest effects remain due to higher wages. --
Returns to Apprenticeship Training in Austria: Evidence from Failed Firms
Full text linkLittle is known about the payoffs to apprenticeship training in the German speaking countries for the participants. There is a lot of heterogeneity in the types of apprenticeships offered, and there might be an important element of selection in who obtains an apprenticeship, and what type. To overcome the resulting ability bias we estimate returns to apprenticeship for apprentices in failed firms in Austria. When a firm fails, current apprentices cannot complete their training in this firm. Because apprentices will be at different stages in their apprenticeship, the failure of a firm will manipulate the length of the apprenticeship period completed for some apprentices. The time to failure therefore serves as an instrument for the length of the apprenticeship completed both at the original firm and at other firms. We find instrumental variables returns which are similar or larger than the OLS returns in our sample, indicating relatively little selection.Human capital, returns to schooling, firm-based training, ability bias
Returns to Apprenticeship Training in Austria: Evidence from Failed Firms
Full text linkLittle is known about the payoffs to apprenticeship training in the German speaking countries for the participants. OLS estimates suggest that the returns are similar to those of other types of schooling. However, there is a lot of heterogeneity in the types of apprenticeships offered, and institutional descriptions suggest that there might be an important element of selection in who obtains an apprenticeship, and what type. In order to overcome the resulting ability bias we estimate returns to apprenticeship training for apprentices in failed firms in Austria. When a firm fails, current apprentices cannot complete their training in this firm. Because apprentices will be at different stages in their apprenticeship at that time, the failure of a firm will manipulate the length of the apprenticeship period completed for some apprentices. The time to the firm failure therefore serves as an instrument for the length of the apprenticeship completed both at the original firm and at other firms. We find instrumental variables returns which are similar or larger than the OLS returns in our sample, indicating relatively little selection.
Returns to Apprenticeship Training in Austria: Evidence from Failed Firms
Full text linkLittle is known about the payoffs to apprenticeship training in the German speaking countries for theparticipants. OLS estimates suggest that the returns are similar to those of other types of schooling. However, there is a lot of heterogeneity in the types of apprenticeships offered, and institutional descriptions suggest that there might be an important element of selection in who obtains an apprenticeship, and what type. In order to overcome the resulting ability bias we estimate returns to apprenticeship training for apprentices in failed firms in Austria. When a firm fails, current apprentices cannot complete their training in this firm. Because apprentices will be at different stages in their apprenticeship at that time, the failure of a firm will manipulate the length of the apprenticeship period completed for some apprentices. The time to the firm failure therefore serves as an instrument for the length of the apprenticeship completed both at the original firm and at otherfirms. We find instrumental variables returns which are similar or larger than the OLS returns in our sample, indicating relatively little selection.Human capital, returns to schooling, firm-based training, ability bias
Asymmetries in Bid-Ask Responses to Innovations in the Trading Process.
Full text linkThis paper has benefited from the support of the Spanish DGICYT project #PB98-0030 and the European Project on VPM-Improving Human Research Potential, HPRN-CT-2002-00232. The authors are grateful for the comments received from an anonymous referee and from Mikel Tapia, Ignacio Peña, Winfried Pohlmeier and the attendants to the Econometrics Research Seminar at C.O.R.E., Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium. We also appreciate the suggestions of participants at the CAF Market Microstructure and High Frequency Data in Finance Workshop, August 2001, Sønderborg (Denmark), and the European Financial Association Meeting, August 2001, Barcelona (Spain)Market microstructure; Bid and ask time series; VEC models; Adverse-selection costs; Asymmetric dynamics;
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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