1,738 research outputs found
Correlations between phylogenomics and secondary metabolite production in the Hypoxylaceae and other families of the Xylariales
No full text<p>Plenary lecture by Marc Stadler, AMC 2023, Busan, Korea</p>
A Novel Inhibitor IDPP Interferes with Entry and Egress of HCV by Targeting Glycoprotein E1 in a Genotype-Specific Manner
No full textAbstractDespite recent advances in curing chronic hepatitis C (CHC), the high economic burden to therapy, viral drug resistance, difficult to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and patient groups are still of concern. To address this unmet medical needs, we devised strategies to identify novel viral interventions through target-free high-throughput screening of small molecules utilizing a phenotypic-based HCV infection assay. Thereby, a very potent (EC50 46 ± 26 pM) iminodipyridinopyrimidine (IDPP) drug candidate was selected, and confirmed in primary human hepatocytes (EC50 0.5 nM). IDPP mainly targets a post-attachment step of HCV without affecting endosomal acidification, prevents the secretion of infectious particles and viral cell-to-cell spread. The putative molecular target of IDPP is glycoprotein E1, as revealed by selection for viral drug resistance (Gly-257-Arg). IDPP was synergistic in combination with FDA-approved HCV drugs and inhibited pre-existing resistant HCV strains induced by today’s therapies. Interestingly, IDPP exclusively inhibited HCV genotype 2. However, we identified the genotype-specificity determining region in E1 and generated HCV genotype 1 susceptible to IDPP by changing one amino acid in E1 (Gln-257-Gly). Together, our results indicate an opportunity to provide an alternative treatment option for CHC and will shed light on the poorly understood function of HCV glycoprotein E1.</jats:p
Metadata initiatives and emerging technologies to improve resource discovery
No full textThis paper discusses some emerging issues on metadata as a mechanism of resource discovery and its impact on precision of search results in a distributed network environment. It presents a brief account of the recent major developments related to metadata across the globe. Highlights a consistent growth of multiple metadata standards to meet the variety of needs in a hierarchy of complexity. Examines various metadata-harvesting tools and related technologies that fulfill the task implicit in a user’s search. Brings out popular standards, useful protocols, and open-source harvesters along with their intrinsic capabilities for harvesting and presenting metadata and introduces a variety of metadata services viz., OCLC’s catalogue service, UKOLN metadata editor service, OAIster harvester service, DP9 gateway service, etc. explores the underlying principles of metadata-harvesting in DSpace and web search engines. Discusses use of multiple metadata formats in DSpace archives for exposing domain-specific metadata; and the inherent mechanism for extensibility and interoperability functions. Proposes methods for creating metadata that can pursue high-precision document retrieval in dynamic collections. Also discuses semantic web technologies and use of specialized metadata for long-term management and preservation of digital objects
Equilibrium transition study for a hybrid MAV
No full textWind tunnel testing was performed on a VTOL aircraft in order to characterize longitudinal flight behavior during an equilibrium transition between vertical and horizontal flight modes. Trim values for airspeed, pitch, motor speed and elevator position were determined. Data was collected by independently varying the trim parameters, and stability and control derivatives were identified as functions of the trim pitch angle. A linear fractional representation model was then proposed, along with several methods to improve longitudinal control of the aircraft
MARC SE GUIDE FOR DEVELOPING BRIEFS DOCUMENTS
No full textMARC SE GUIDE FOR DEVELOPING BRIEFS DOCUMENTSThis document outlines the process of communicating scientific findings from diverse sources of evidence to policymakers and practitioners to support policy decision-making. Four types of documents are outlined in this guide: Evidence Summary, Policy Practitioners, Policy Briefs, and Fact Sheets.This project (Grant Agreement n° 101103076) is supported by the Global Health EDCTP3 Joint Undertaking and its members. “Funded by the European Union under theGlobal Health EDCTP3 Joint Undertaking (Grant Agreement n°101103076). However, the views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the Global Health EDCTP3 Joint Undertaking or its members. Neither of the aforementioned parties can be held responsible for them.</p
Cataloguing the internet: CATRIONA feasibility study : report to the British Library Research & Development Department
No full textThe idea of a distributed catalogue of Internet resources integrated with standard Z39.50 library system OPAC interfaces (and hence with retrieval of information on hard copy resources) is already practical at a basic level. Geac's Z39.50 GUI OPAC client. GeoPac, can search remote Z39.50 OPACs, retrieve USMARC records with URLs in 856$u, respond by loading a viewer like Mosaic or Netscape, and utilise it to retrieve and display the remotely held electronic resources on the local workstation. A range of Z39.50 OPACs can be searched server by server, making a basic-level distributed catalogue of Internet resources feasible. At least one other Z39.50 client, Dynix Horizon is close to having similar capabilities.
Significant further development and investigation is nevertheless required. A proposed demonstrator project - based around Scottish University Libraries and the BUBL Subject Tree initiative, but sufficiently 'open' to encompass other sites and approaches - is both feasible and essential, and would provide a focus for Z39.50 developments in the UK.
Z39.50 clients and associated Z39.50 OPACs describing resources could become preferred network navigation tools with other specific NIDR client types (WWW, gopher, WAIS, others) loaded as required. Library involvement is essential to sustainable Internet cataloguing initiatives
Evidence Summary: Enhanced Catalogue Records Positively Impact Circulation but Are Not Used to Their Potential in Patron Searching
No full textObjective – To determine how content-enriched catalogue records impact the circulation rates of print resources in four subject areas, and to investigate how this additional metadata influences OPAC searching and item retrieval.
Design – Analysis of circulation data, bibliographic records, and OPAC search logs.
Setting – A library at a four-year undergraduate residential college in the North-eastern United States.
Subjects – Bibliographic records for 88,538 titles; data from 7,782 circulation transactions; and 130 OPAC search strings and related circulation data.
Methods – In the first part of the study, bibliographic records for print items published since 1990 were extracted from the library’s integrated library system (ILS) in the following Library of Congress (LC) classes: D, E, F, H, J, L, P, Q, R, S, and T. It is assumed that electronic books were excluded from this study because their usage is not tracked in the ILS. These LC classes were chosen to correspond to the subject areas targeted by the researchers for comparison – “history, social sciences, language and literature, and science and technology” (p. 416). The data file included the publication date of the title, as well as values for the MARC fields identified by the researchers as containing content-enriched data. These fields were MARC 505 (an item’s table of contents or list of works included), MARC 520 (summaries or annotations), and MARC 856 (URL to electronic location of related material or electronic copy) (p. 416; Library of Congress Network Development and MARC Standards Office, 2003, 2008a, 2008b). The authors analyzed records for 88,538 titles and determined the total number of records containing each of the MARC fields either singly or in combination.
Data relating to circulation transactions for items located in these LC classes from January to May 2009 was also identified. Like the bibliographic records, circulation data was pulled for print items only. The researchers identified 7,782 circulation transactions that met the study criteria for the period in question.
In the second part of the study, circulation data for September 22, 2009 was obtained and sorted into the four subject categories identified in Part I of the study. The authors indicate that this date was chosen at random, but do not specify how. Researchers compared the records of the 133 titles borrowed that day from the LC classes studied to the OPAC search logs from September 16-22, 2009 to determine which searches led to the circulation of these items. The authors felt that searches resulting in checkouts on the day in question may have begun earlier in the week. The searches that led to borrowing were recorded and categorized as keyword, title, author, or other searches. If a user entered a title or author name into the keyword field, these were classed as known item searches in the appropriate categories. The authors identified and analyzed 130 searches relating to circulated items.
Main Results – In the first part of the study, the number of catalogue records that contained MARC 505, 520, and/or 856 fields significantly increased for titles published between 1990 and 2007, with a slight decrease in 2008. MARC 505 was the most common content-
enriched field until 2000, after which the presence of MARC 856 grew significantly. The MARC 520 field was used least often, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions about its impact on circulation.
The incidence of enhanced records was very low among older books in the study. Only 14.3% of items published between 1990 and 1994, and 19.3% of items published between 1995 and 1999, had records that contained MARC 505, 520, or 856 fields. In contrast, the percentage of enhanced records was very high (80.9%) for items published between 2005 and 2008. The authors acknowledged that these stark imbalances created skewed comparison data for items published in these date ranges. As such, they suggested that the data for titles published between 2000 and 2004 offered the most balanced comparison because the numbers of enhanced and non-enhanced records were almost equal. The overall circulation of items with enhanced records published between 2000 and 2004 was 2.9% higher than for items with non-enhanced records, constituting a relative percentage difference of 30.7%. The relative percentage difference in this period was higher for books in science and technology (36.9%), followed by history (34%), language and literature (30.6%), and social sciences (25.7%). Enhanced records also had a positive impact on circulation for items published between 1990 and 2000 over their non-enhanced counterparts; however, this positive growth levelled off for items published between 2005 and 2008, with almost equal circulation rates between items with enhanced and non-enhanced records during this period. The impact of the three MARC fields was examined, and the presence of the MARC 505 field was most associated with increased circulation rates, in part because it was the most commonly used field of the three for the period in question. The number of records with MARC 520 and 856 fields was not sufficient to draw firm conclusions about their impact on circulation. While not the focus of the study, the circulation data also suggested a preference for current titles among all four subject areas, most significantly among the social sciences and science and technology.
The second part of the study found that keyword searching was the most common strategy employed by patrons, with 49.6% of the 130 searches examined falling into this category. Keyword searches most commonly led to the borrowing of items from the history LC classes, while title searches were most common in science and technology. Known item searches (title or author) accounted for 45.9% of the overall searches analyzed. However, in most cases, the search terms used that led to a title circulating were found in the title and subject fields, rather than in a content-enriched MARC field. The researchers suggested that this may be due to the appearance of search results in the OPAC (brief rather than full record) and the way relevancy sorting was calculated, as contents notes were not given a high weighting in the OPAC’s formula.
Conclusion – The study found that enhanced catalogue records led to higher circulation rates in the four subject areas studied. The increased proportion of content-enriched records in the overall catalogue in recent years suggested that their value had been recognized by the library. The limited role these enhanced fields played in the September 22, 2009 searches suggested that further work on improving how this information is displayed to users in the OPAC and sorted is needed. The researchers identified areas for future research including the role of the publication date and the impact of improvements to the display of content fields in the OPAC on the circulation of items with content-enriched records
Christian Chur H In Reign Of Marc Aurelius: The Miracle Legio Xii Fulminata In Early Literary Sources And In Russian Translation
No full textThe Miracle Of «Legio Xii Fu Lminate» Is Exam Ined In The Article On The Basis Of Early Literary Writings Narrating On Thes Eevents. There Are Produced Two Versions: Christian (By Apollinaris And Tertullian) And Pagan (By Dyon Cassiusand Xiith Bookof Sibuls). The Author Attem P Tsto Establish The Accepted Version Of The Miracleand Marc Aurelius’ Of Its Books. The Sources Are Given In Original Language And In Russian Translation
A policy model for Tunisia with real and financial flows
No full textThis model was developed to provide a moacroeconomic framework for Tunisia's structural adjustment program and a flexible tool for further country economic analysis. As currently specified, it is designed to analyze fiscal, debt, and incomes policies, while deriving implications for the exchange rate and for the availability of credit to the private sector. Several policy experiments are carried out to illustrate this focus, and suggestions are offered for variations in model closure and detail.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Stabilization,Financial Intermediation
The Google Book search settlement: A law and economics analysis
No full textBeginning in December 2004 Google has pursued a new project to create a book search engine (Google Book Search). The project has released a storm of controversy around the globe. While the supporters of Google Book Search conceive the project as a first reasonable step towards unlimited access to knowledge in the information age, its opponents fear profound negative effects due to an erosion of copyright law. Our law and economics analysis of the Book Search Project suggests that – from a copyright perspective – the proposed settlement may be beneficial to right holders, consumers, and Google. For instance, it may provide a solution to the still unsolved dilemma of orphan works. From a competition policy perspective, we stress the important aspect that Google’s pricing algorithm for orphan and unclaimed works effectively replicates a competitive Nash-Bertrand market outcome under post-settlement, third-party oversight.Book Rights Registry; Competition Policy; Copyright; Fair Use; Google Book Search; Library Program; Orphan Works
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