1,721,750 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Adaptation of symbiotic coral micro-algae to environmental changes in the Pacific Ocean
No full textLes récifs coralliens sont un écosystème, qui regroupe une très grande biodiversité marine. Le corail est un animal marin vivant en symbiose obligatoire avec une micro-algue photosynthétique de la famille des Symbiodiniaceae. La famille des Symbiodiniaceae regroupe une très grande diversité classée en 9 genres. Les récifs coralliens sont également un atout majeur pour les populations qui vivent à proximité grâce à l'abondance des poissons qu'ils abritent. Ils sont également d'une importance capitale pour l'économie de ces régions, notamment par la protection des côtes et pour le tourisme.Aujourd'hui, les récifs coralliens sont menacés par des changements environnementaux globaux et locaux qui dégradent ces écosystèmes. Parmi ces changements environnementaux on trouve l'augmentation de la température des océans, des pollutions locales et une augmentation de l'acidification des océans. Ces perturbations de l'environnement marin fragilisent la symbiose obligatoire entre le corail et sa micro-algue, pouvant entrainer une rupture symbiotique (blachissement des coraux), puis la mort du corail.Dans ce contexte, l'expédition Tara Pacific se propose d'étudier l'écosystème corallien à l'échelle d'un océan, en réalisant un vaste plan d'échantillonnage sur 32 îles réparties dans l'océan Pacifique. Au cours de cette expédition (2016-2018), trois genres de coraux ont été étudiés : Pocillopora, Millepora et Porites.Afin d'avoir une vision globale de ces espèces à l'échelle océanique, des méthodes de séquençage haut débit en métagénomique, métatranscriptomique et métabarcode ont été appliquées sur chaque échantillon de corail.Avec les données Tara Pacific des 11 premières îles, les objectifs de la thèse ont été de réaliser une étude transcriptomique globale de la micro-algue photosynthétique, en utilisant des outils bio-informatiques, afin de mieux comprendre sa diversité et son adaptation à l'échelle d'un océan. La thèse a permis de réaliser des analyses sur l'expression de la micro-algue photosynthétique dans les différentes espèces de coraux séquencés.Une analyse spécifique sur les 11 premières îles de l'expédition, a été portée sur Cladocopium et Durusdinium, qui sont les micro-algues symbiotiques du corail Pocillopora. Pour réaliser cette étude, l'analyse de la structure de populations des micro-algues Cladocopium a été faite, suivie par des études d'expression différentielle afin d'identifier les gènes permettant cette adaptation génétique et environnementale. Les résultats montrent que l'adaptation génétique de la micro-algue est déterminante pour l'adaptation du corail hôte dans différents environnements de l'Océan Pacifique. En effet, une grande fidélité symbiotique entre la micro-algue Cladocopium et l'espèce Pocillopora a été observée. Les voies métaboliques impliquées dans l'adaptation de Cladocopium à l'environnement ont été étudiées. Ces résultats ont été comparés avec l'organisme hôte afin de comprendre les mécanismes permettant l'adaptation de l'holobiont corallien Pocillopora dans l'océan Pacifique.Pour finir, une étude comparative des micro-algues photosynthétiques présentent dans l'hôte, avec celles présentent dans l'eau environnante a été conduite. Le but de cette étude est de comprendre comment la micro-algue survie en dehors de son hôte, notamment lors d'évènements de blanchissement des coraux.Cette thèse a permis par des méthodes bio-informatiques originales de mieux comprendre la diversité et l'adaptation des micro-algues symbiotiques du corail in situ et à l'échelle d'un océan.Coral reefs are an ecosystem which gather a very large marine biodiversity. The coral is a marine animal living in obligatory symbiosis with a photosynthetic micro-algae of the Symbiodiniaceae family. The Symbiodiniaceae family includes a very high diversity classified in 9 genus. Coral reefs are also a major asset for populations living nearby, thanks to the abundance of fish they shelter. They also have a capital importance for the economy of these regions, in particular through the coast protection and the tourism.Today, coral reefs are threatened by global and local environmental changes that degrade these ecosystems. Among these environmental changes, we find oceanic temperature increases, ocean acidification and local pollutions. These disturbances of the marine environment weaken the obligatory symbiosis between the coral and its micro-algae, which can lead to a symbiotic break (coral bleaching), and then the coral death.In this context, the Tara Pacific expedition proposes to study the coral ecosystem at ocean scale, carrying out a vast sampling plan on 32 islands distributed in the Pacific Ocean. During this expedition (2016-2018), three kinds of corals genera were studied: Pocillopora, Millepora and Porites. In order, to get a global view of these species at ocean scale, metagenomic, metatranscriptomic and metabarcoding high throughput sequencing methods were applied to each coral sample.With Tara Pacific datasets from the first 11 islands, the thesis objectives were to carry out a global transcriptomic study of the photosynthetic micro-algae, using bioinformatic tools, to better understand its diversity and its adaptation at ocean scale. The thesis made it possible to carry out analyses on the expression of the photosynthetic micro-algae in the different coral species sequenced.A specific analysis was carried out on Cladocopium and Durusdinium, which are symbiotic micro-algae of the Pocillopora coral. Population structure of Cladocopium micro-algae was done, followed by differential expression studies, to identify and study the genes allowing this genetic and environmental adaptation. The results indicate that the genetic adaptation of the micro-algae is crucial for the adaptation of the coral host, in different environments of the Pacific. Indeed, a a high symbiotic fidelity between the micro-algae Cladocopium and the Pocillopora species has been observed. The metabolic pathways involved in the adaptation of Cladocopium to the environment have been investigated. These results were compared with the host organism in order to understand the mechanisms allowing the adaptation of the coral holobiont Pocillopora in the Pacific Ocean.Finally, a comparative study of the photosynthetic micro-algae present in the host, with those present in the surrounding water was done. The aim of this study is to understand how the micro-algae survives outside of its host, especially during coral bleaching events.This thesis made it possible, with original bioinformatic methods, to better understand the diversity and adaptation of coral symbiotic micro-algae in situ and at ocean scale
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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