1,721,152 research outputs found
Ritual and religion: Responses to positivism
No full textThis work is intended to shed light on the nature of ritual conduct, both within and without a religious context, by critically examining positivist construals of such conduct and showing them to be inadequate. The discussion consists of three parts. Part 1 sketches out the central features of Vienna Circle positivism and looks at what the leading members of the Circle had to say about magic, mysticism, the miraculous, prayer, and immortality. The author concludes that the Circle's commitment to a problematic theory of meaning results in a distorted, reductivist account of religious belief and practice, imposing on religious discourse a grammar that is foreign to its subject matter. In this connection, the author also argues that, unlike the Vienna Circle's writings, Wittgenstein's Tractatus is not open to the charge of reductivism, and that its influence on the Circle was far more limited than is commonly thought. Part 2 works out the implications of the positivist approach for an understanding of (i) 'superstitious' beliefs and practices, and (ii) animistic beliefs and rituals. It is argued that, in so far as the positivist fails to understand non-religious ritual conduct, he is bound to misunderstand religious ritual conduct as well. Part 3, which works out the similarities and differences between Kant's and Wittgenstein's views on religion, is designed as a philosophical counterpoint to the positivist picture developed in Part 1. it is claimed that, while a Kantian analysis of religious belief is superior to a positivist account of it, its emphasis on the claims of reason, its conception of worship, and its view of the significance of the historical Jesus in the history of Christianity are ultimately incompatible with the Christian faith, and thus inferior to a Wittgensteinian construal, which eschews a general theory of religion and instead pays proper attention to particular manifestations of it.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T13:09:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 1996Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding ([email protected]) on 2011-05-07T14:51:05Z
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"The determinancy of logic in Wittgenstein's ""Tractatus"""
No full textWittgenstein's Tractatus seems committed to the determinacy of logic in two forms: the logical properties of truth-functionally complex propositions mirror the logical structure of reality, and the logical properties of names mirror the logical properties of things named. Chapter One argues that recent criticisms of the idea that the Tractatus intends to communicate ineffable truths must be taken to heart, but that it is mistaken to suppose that Wittgenstein is clear about the status of his claims that the Tractatus is nonsense.Chapters Two, Three, and Four discuss two kinds of metaphysics that Russell and Frege thought necessary to answer skeptical threats about the ability of language and logic to represent the world: assumptions about logical structure that ensure the powers of inference to preserve truth, and assumptions about objects that ensure the power of words to refer. The Tractatus argues that both forms of skepticism arise from a failure to grasp the distinction between names and propositions: in particular, that propositions mean what they do whether they are true or false ensures that there are no metaphysical commitments standing behind the intelligible use of language.Chapter Five describes Wittgenstein's understanding of a truth-functionally complex statement as a function of its parts. The Tractatus already isolates the question of rule-following, as opposed to metaphysics, as fundamental to the question of the nature of a logical calculus. The entire truth-functional calculus is implicit in elementary propositions insofar as propositions say what they do whether they are true or false: Chapter Six describes Wittgenstein's treatment of names in terms of this same feature of the proposition. The picture conception of the proposition is a development out of Russell's Theory of Descriptions, and it does away with the idea that the subject-predicate form of the proposition is fundamental to the ability of language to represent reality. The Tractatus has a stand that is radically critical of the understanding of the relationship between proposition and fact that typically stands behind the worry about the vagueness and imprecision of ordinary language.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T13:32:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 1996Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding ([email protected]) on 2011-05-07T14:56:01Z
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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