38,303 research outputs found
Differences in male and female athletes and their perceptions of an ideal coach with respect to locus of control, competitiveness, goal-orientation and win-orientation
No full textPlan BThe current study examined differences between male and female athletes and their perceptions of an ideal coach. The study focused on internal vs. external locus of control, competitiveness, goal-orientation and win-orientation as a basis to determine possible differences in an ideal coach. An paired-samples t-test was run to test the similar-to-me effect that states that people will choose a leader or manager like themselves. 104 female and 98 male athletes participated in the study from track and field, baseball, softball and basketball. Results indicated that men preferred a more internal locus, competitive and win-oriented coach than women did. Analysis of the self-reports of the athletes reflected these same findings with men scoring significantly higher on internal locus of control, competitiveness and win-orientation. Analysis of the similar-to-me effect indicated that the athletes did not prefer a coach that is similar to themselves. Each variable in this analysis was significantly different at the .001 level from the ideal coach scale to the self-report scale. Findings thus indicate that men and women will prefer different coaches, but will not choose that ideal coach according to their own personality
How Would I Be Perceived If I Challenge Individuals Sharing Misinformation? Exploring Misperceptions in the UK and Arab Samples and the Potential for the Social Norms Approach
No full textResearch conducted in the UK explored the presence of misperceptions, revealing that people anticipated more negative consequences for challenging misinformation on social media. These misperceptions include the anticipation of harming relationships, causing embarrassment and offense to others, the belief that challenging may not yield success and the perception that such behaviour is unacceptable. As the UK culture is characterised as individualistic, we replicated this investigation in a collectivistic culture-Arab societies. Our aim is to explore the differences and similarities of these misperceptions across cultures and to examine whether applying the social norms approach can be a solution to address the inaction towards challenging misinformation. Comparing the UK (N = 250) and Arabs (N = 212), we showed that, in both cultures there are misperceptions towards challenging misinformation. While misperceptions regarding concerning relationship costs and futility remain consistent across cultures the concerns about causing harm to others and the acceptability of the behaviour differ. Participants in the UK show a higher concern about offense or embarrassment, in contrast, participants in Arab countries exhibit higher misperceptions about injunctive norms, perceiving challenging misinformation as less socially acceptable than it actually is. This study also shows that participants’ likelihood to challenge misinformation is influenced by their misperceptions about potential harm to others and perceived injunctive norms. These findings present an opportunity to apply the social norms approach to behaviour change by addressing these misperceptions. Messages emphasising social acceptability of correcting misinformation and highlighting that people appreciate being corrected could serve as powerful tools to encourage users to challenge misinformation
Are three points for a win really better than two? Theoretical and empirical evidence for German soccer
No full textThe effects of the three-point rule in first league German soccer are tested empirically and compared to games from the German cup-competition. The inclusion of cup games ensures that changes in league games can be attributed to the three-point rule. As a result of their relative devaluation, the number of draws should decrease. Furthermore, an increase in the number of close wins is expected. The strategy of a leading team becomes more defensive, resulting in fewer goal shootings by that team, as well as fewer shooting opportunities for the opponent. Empirical evidence supporting these effects is found. --
Some Europeans are more equal than others
No full textThe position of Roma migrants in the EU presents an anomaly which challenges the foundations of European Union law. As Union citizens, European migrants are entitled to freedom of movement and residence in Member States. Yet the rights intended to secure this position have been routinely and selectively denied to Roma migrants, leading to forced evictions and collective expulsions without regard t o European Law. As has been evidenced in the UK, Roma arrivals are viewed with particularly acute suspicion; a response which reflects their double stigmatization as both immigrant and Roma. At the same time, Roma migration from new Member States has expo sed a contradiction inherent in the citizenship project which strikes at the heart of the Union ’s human rights credentials. The degree of exclusion and inequality faced by Europe’s largest minority in all Member States is the most pressing internal human rights issue facing the EU. Yet the European institutions continue to lack a coherent response and defined strategy. The current European framework demanding National Action Plans is commendable in that it prevents individual states from abdicating responsibility for the situation of their Roma citizens. Nevertheless, the absence of clear targets, Roma engagement and European leadership, suggest that this strategy is doomed to failure offering little more than a distraction. In a Union predicated on, inter alia, the rule of law, respect for human rights and the protection of minorities, this detached position undermines the legitimacy of the entire citizenship project
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Green Maritime Logistics: The Quest for Win-win Solutions
No full textAbstractBy green maritime logistics we mean achieving an acceptable environmental performance of the maritime transport logistical supply chain while at the same time respecting traditional economic criteria. In this paper the environmental focus is on maritime emissions. Achieving such goal may involve several trade-offs, and win-win solutions are typically sought. However, finding these solutions may be more difficult than may appear at first glance. The purpose of this paper is to provide a concise overview of the challenges of green maritime logistics and present some examples, both for greenhouse gas (GHG) and non-GHG emissions
Biofuel production with castor bean: A win-win strategy for marginal land
No full textThe urgency to reduce resource depletion and waste production is expected to lead to an economy based on renewable resources. Biofuels, for instance, are a great green alternative to fossil fuel, but they are currently derived from edible vegetable oils such as soybean, palm, and sunflower. Concerns have been raised about the social-economic implication and ecological impacts of biodiesel production. Cultivating new lands as biodiesel feedstock rather than food supply, with the consequent increase in food prices, leads to so-called indirect land-use change (ILUC). Establishing bioenergy crops with phytoremediation ability on contaminated soils offers multiple benefits such as improving soil properties and ecosystem services, decreasing soil erosion, and diminishing the dispersion of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) into the environment. Castor bean is an unpalatable, high-biomass plant, and it has been widely demonstrated to possess phytoremediation capability for several PTEs. Castor bean can grow on marginal lands not suitable for food crops, has multiple uses as a raw material, and is already used in biodiesel production. These characteristics make it perfect for sustainable biodiesel production. Linking biofuel production with environmental remediation can be considered a win-win strategy
Author Correction: Association analyses of more than 140,000 men identify 63 new prostate cancer susceptibility loci
No full textCorrection to: Nature Genetics, 50, 928–936 (2018), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-018-0142-8, published online 11 June 2018.
In the version of this article initially published, the name of author Manuela Gago-Dominguez was misspelled as Manuela Gago Dominguez. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF version of the article.No Full Tex
Win/Win: Getting the Deal You Both Want!: The Story of a Consortial Buying Agreement
No full textAs libraries and publishers struggle to contend with rising serial costs, flat or reduced budgets, and increased demand for electronic access, it is critical that they become allies rather than adversaries. As allies they can work toward solutions that are a win/win, i.e. libraries and publishers each get the deal they want
Breast cancer data analysis for survivability studies and prediction
No full text© 2017 Elsevier B.V. Background Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting females worldwide. Breast cancer survivability prediction is challenging and a complex research task. Existing approaches engage statistical methods or supervised machine learning to assess/predict the survival prospects of patients. Objective The main objectives of this paper is to develop a robust data analytical model which can assist in (i) a better understanding of breast cancer survivability in presence of missing data, (ii) providing better insights into factors associated with patient survivability, and (iii) establishing cohorts of patients that share similar properties. Methods Unsupervised data mining methods viz. the self-organising map (SOM) and density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) is used to create patient cohort clusters. These clusters, with associated patterns, were used to train multilayer perceptron (MLP) model for improved patient survivability analysis. A large dataset available from SEER program is used in this study to identify patterns associated with the survivability of breast cancer patients. Information gain was computed for the purpose of variable selection. All of these methods are data-driven and require little (if any) input from users or experts. Results SOM consolidated patients into cohorts of patients with similar properties. From this, DBSCAN identified and extracted nine cohorts (clusters). It is found that patients in each of the nine clusters have different survivability time. The separation of patients into clusters improved the overall survival prediction accuracy based on MLP and revealed intricate conditions that affect the accuracy of a prediction. Conclusions A new, entirely data driven approach based on unsupervised learning methods improves understanding and helps identify patterns associated with the survivability of patient. The results of the analysis can be used to segment the historical patient data into clusters or subsets, which share common variable values and survivability. The survivability prediction accuracy of a MLP is improved by using identified patient cohorts as opposed to using raw historical data. Analysis of variable values in each cohort provide better insights into survivability of a particular subgroup of breast cancer patients
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