9,322 research outputs found
Myanmar Television Commercials and Consumer Behavior (Win Mar, 2006)
No full textThis study intended to learn the Myanmar consumer response behavior when a
promotional message stimulates them. In this study, Myanmar TV channels were selected as
rhe media by which the promotional messages are conveyed. The study contributes new
tindings by exploring two new areas of studies, advertising and consumer behaviour in
\ft'anmar. The specific objectives of the study are (l) to study consumer's media habits, (2)
to assess consumer's attitudes toward TV commercials. (3) to analyze consumer's response
behavior towards TV commercials, and (4) to examine possible business implications of
consurner's response behaviour towards TV commercials.
Both qualitative and quantitative studies were carried out in order to analyze thc cfl-cct
of Myanmar T'V commercials on consumer behavior. A qualitative study named Focus Group
Discussion (FGD) was conducted to explore new insights into the eff-ect of TV cclmmercials
trn conSUmer behavior. In order to verify the findings of Focus Group Discussions. a
questionnaire survey with a larger sample was also conducted.
Six lbcus groups were formed with people living in Yangon area according to their social
class and gender. The study' determined three social classes, low. middle, and high. Each
social class was divided into two groups; a male group and a female group. 'fhen. six fbcus
discussions were carried out u,ith the following guideline questions.
1 . l-hc habits of watching TV
2. Tlie usage of other media I
3. The preferred types of TV commercials
4. The perception on the majority of products being advertised on TV
-5. 'fhe attitudes toward TV commercials
6. The believability of niessage from TV commercials
7. The response behavior
8. The choice of outlet for the purchase of products being advertised on TV
The questionnaire survev rvith 400 respondents \\,as carried out to gather the intbnnation
about the consumer behavior influenced b;- TV commercials. To compare with FGD study'.
these respondents rvere selected according to the different social classes and the diltercnl
.,enders. 'l'he convc'nient sample was selected lrom 2A toll'nships in Yangon CitryDevelopment Committee Area. The respondents were interviewed with the structured
.ruestionnaire.
The respondents, especially respondents in low social class, liked to watch TV ads. They
rreferred Korean and Chinese TV series on MWD channel. They appreciated TV ads, which
were dramatized humorous appeal with celebrities. They could comprehend more the
messages from that kind of TV ads. Although they received brand awareness from the TV
ads. they usually confirmed the message of the TV ads with message from the word of mouth
source. The word of mouth source included comments from friends, specialists,
neighborhood vendors, retailers. They perceived that the products advertised on TV were low
involvement products. After watching TV ads the respondents, especially from low social
class, made trial purchase. There were no relationships between trial purchase. source
credibility, and the acceptance of TV ads.
The study brings out some business implications relating to target audience selection,
media strategy. message strategy, and distribution strategy for the advertisers. TV
comnrercials should aim to reach the audience in all social class since they generally
appreciate TV commercials. Especially, it was found out that the respondents in low social
class relied on TV media more because they did not use other media.
This study found out that the respondents living in Yangon preferred to MWD channel.
However. it should be noted that MWD did not reach all rural areas. Therefore, the
advertisers who use TV commercials should take into account the geographical target market
o1'their products when they choose the TV channels. To receive the positive attitude towards
TV ads. which can lead to trial pychase. the advertisers should use TV ads, which arer
dramatized humorous appeal with celebrities. For reliability of the TV ads, the advertisers
should be beware that the quality and the specifications of the product are consistent with the
message of TV ad. So far there is no relationship between the acceptance of TV ads and the
source credibility.
Advertising on TV is the appropriate strategy for the advertisers who produce andlor sell
the lor.r-involvement products in large scale. One reason that the advertising on TV should
accompaltv large-scale production is to reach the huge market of low involvement products
by, using efficient distribution scheme. The other reason is to maintain the price
con-rpetitiveness through allocating capital cxpenditure incurred b,v producing TV ads in large
numbe r of products
Water Mask and Be-Hooved: Two New Books from Essayist Monica Devine and Poet Mar Ka2
No full textEssayist Monica Devine and poet Mar Ka discuss their recently published books, which explore their personal journeys through Alaska in memoir and poetry. Monica Devine's new book, Water Mask, is a collection of essays that chronicles her interactions with Alaska's land and its people. Her work is an "adventurous memoir that reflects on family, place, memory, work, perception and culture in a land that both beguiles and rejects." Monica worked as a speech/language therapist for many years, traveling to dozens of villages across Alaska. She has authored five children's books, including Iditarod: The Greatest Win Ever, which was a nominee for the celebrated Golden Kite Award. Her other awards include first place in the Alaska State Poetry Contest, a Pushcart nominee for her story, Mission of Motherhood, and a first-place award in creative nonfiction from New Letters journal for her story, On The Edge of Ice, about accompanying whalers on a spring hunt. Mar Ka's new poetry collection, Be-hooved, is a layered spiritual memoir structured along the seasons and framed by the migration of the Porcupine caribou herd. "Entrancing, profound, and startling, this book is a testament to hope before change, persistence before confusion, and empathy before difference." Poet Mar Ka, aka Mary Kancewick, traveled throughout Alaska during her years as an indigenous rights attorney. Her poetry has been published in national and international journals and on occasion has been set to music. The recipient of an NEH grant and the Midnight Sun Poetry Prize, she has long served as a poetry judge for the UAA/ADN Statewide Creative Writing Contest. She presently teaches poetry workshops at the Eagle River Nature Center. Water Mask and Be-Hooved are published by University of Alaska Press
The Effect of Managerial Competencies and Leadership Competencies on Project Success of Crown Advanced Construction Company in Yangon(Win Win Mar, 2022)
No full textThis study aims to examine the effect of personal factors on managerial
competencies and leadership competencies and to analyze the effect of managerial and
leadership competencies on the project success of Crown Advanced Construction Company
in Yangon. Descriptive and analytical research methods are used in this study. Both primary
and secondary data are gathered to achieve the objectives. For primary data, 120 employees
out of 170 employees whose position are managers, engineers and supervisors, are selected
by using simple random sampling method and collected by using structured questionnaires.
The study found that among the personal factors, personality traits, cognitive abilities and
experience are significant effect on managerial competencies and personality traits and
experience and knowledge are significant effect on leadership competencies. Social
intelligence competencies, business acumen and result driven are significant effect on
project success Therefore, the company should emphasize the development of leadership
competencies and managerial competencies for managers, engineers and supervisors by
involving them human resource development program in order to develop their thinking
skills and analytical skills
Factors Contributing Employee Job Satisfaction at First Private Bank (Thet Mar Win, 2025)
No full textThe purpose of this study is to investigate the elements that contribute First
Private Bank (FPB) employees’ job satisfaction and to assess the consequences of these
elements. Based on theoretical frameworks such as Locke’s Value Theory and Job
Demand-Control (JDC) model by Karasek, this study focuses on five independent
variables: nature of work, job security, employee participation, supervision, and
communication. Data are gathered from a sample of 92 employees chosen by simple
random selection as part of a quantitative methodology. Correlation and regression
analyses are two statistical techniques used to examine the strength and direction of the
relationships between the variables. The results indicate that job satisfaction among
employees is significantly and favorably impacted by all five criteria. These findings
emphasize the meaningful job design, effective supervision, and transparent
communication in enhancing employee well-being. This study recommends that FPB
should continue to match job roles with individual skills and aspirations, while also
ensuring clear communication and stable employment policies to strengthen staff
commitment and employee job satisfaction
Mortality of marine planktonic copepods : global rates and patterns
No full textUsing life history theory we make predictions of mortality rates in marine epi-pelagic copepods from field estimates of adult fecundity, development times and adult sex ratios. Predicted mortality increases with temperature in both broadcast and sac spawning copepods, and declines with body weight in broadcast spawners, while mortality in sac spawners is invariant with body size. Although the magnitude of copepod mortality does lie close to the overall general pattern for pelagic animals, copepod mortality scaling is much weaker, implying that small copepods are avoiding some mortality agent/s that other pelagic animals of a similar size do not, We compile direct in situ estimates of copepod mortality and compare these with our indirect predictions; we find the predictions generally match the field measurements well with respect to average rates and patterns. Finally, by comparing in situ adult copepod longevity with predation-free laboratory longevity, we are able to make the first global approximations of the natural rates of predation mortality. Predation and total mortality both increase with increasing temperature; however, the proportion that predation makes of total adult mortality is independent of ambient temperature, on average accounting for around 2/3 to 3/4 of the total
Morphological and molecular features of some freshwater prawn species under genus Macrobrachium Spence Bate, 1868 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Myanmar
No full textMar, Win, Kang, Peng-Fei, Mao, Bin, Wang, Yu-Feng (2018): Morphological and molecular features of some freshwater prawn species under genus Macrobrachium Spence Bate, 1868 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Myanmar. Zootaxa 4388 (1): 123-132, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4388.1.
Experimental and FEM analysis of mar behavior on amorphous polymers
No full textMar is a type of subtle surface damage caused by a sliding object barely visible to human eyes. This minor damage phenomenon has rarely been systematically studied. Significant research efforts for the fundamental understanding of mar behavior in polymers are still needed. In this study, the mar behavior of a series of model amorphous polymers, i.e., polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), and polystyrene (PS), were investigated based on a modified ASTM/ISO scratch testing methodology and a corresponding finite element method (FEM) modeling. Furthermore, the mar-induced visibility and material parameter relationships were established through a systematic FEM parametric study. Experimental results show that PMMA has the highest mar visibility resistance, indicated by lower surface roughness variation and low contrast between marred region and the background. The numerical analysis showed that the maximum principal plastic strain (ε1p) and total dissipated plastic energy (Ep) can be considered for evaluating mar visibility resistance. Higher mar visibility resistance corresponds to lower ε1p and Ep values. Based on these two criteria, the parametric analysis shows that mar visibility resistance increases with lower modulus, higher yield stress, higher hardening slope, and lower softening slope. The usefulness of the present study for the preparation of mar resistant polymers is discussed.Structural Integrity & Composite
On the taxonomy of the endemic Inle Lake crab, Inlethelphusa acanthica (Kemp, 1918) (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae) of Myanmar
No full textNg, Peter K. L., Mar, Win, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): On the taxonomy of the endemic Inle Lake crab, Inlethelphusa acanthica (Kemp, 1918) (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae) of Myanmar. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 453-463, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-006
Indawmon Ng & Mar & Shih 2020, new genus
No full textIndawmon, new genus Type species. Indawmon thanayei, new species, by present designation and monotypy. Diagnosis. Adult carapace transversely ovate; epigastric cristae anterior to postorbital cristae; postorbital cristae not reaching anterolateral margin; anterolateral margin cristate, lined with low granules; third maxilliped with slender exopod with long flagellum; male pleon broadly triangular; male thoracic sternites 3 and 4 longitudinally elongate, with sternopleonal cavity reaching only to imaginary line connecting proximal edge of coxae of chelipeds; press-button tubercle of male sternopleonal locking mechanism laterally flattened, distal part distinctly chitinised; G1 subterminal segment tapering gradually from broad base, distal part not prominently narrow; G1 terminal and subterminal segments not clearly demarcated; without visible suture or any feature separating segments in ventral view; barely visible area between segments slightly less chitinised; terminal segment subcylindrical, gradually tapering to sharp tip, bent at angle of about 45–90° from longitudinal axis; G2 longer than G1; vulvae large with chitinised dorsal rim. Etymology. The name is derived from the name of the lake, Indawgyi, in arbitrary combination with the ending of “ Potamon ”. Gender neuter. Remarks. The general carapace features of Indawmon, new genus, are typical of many potamid genera and have few diagnostic features. In Myanmar, the carapace shape, surface features, structure of the epigastric and postorbital cristae, and armature anterolateral margin of Indawmon resemble those of genera like Indochinamon Yeo & Ng, 2007, and Shanphusa Yeo & Ng, 2007. Their G1 structures, however, differ markedly. One of the diagnostic features of Indawmon is that the terminal and subterminal segments are not well demarcated. In almost all potamiscines (and many potamines), the terminal and subterminal segments are distinctly separated by a suture, clearly visible in ventral view and indicated by sutures or less chitinised sections in dorsal view (see Yeo & Ng, 2007). In Indawmon, there is no clear suture separating the terminal and subterminal segments in ventral view (Fig. 6B, F). In dorsal view, there is an area between the two segments that appear to be less chitinised but this is only barely visible (Fig. 6C, G). The G1 of Indawmon superficially resembles that of Inlethelphusa Yeo & Ng, 2007, in that the terminal segment is elongate. Inlethelphusa is endemic to Lake Inle and adjacent areas (see Kemp, 1918; Yeo & Ng, 2007; Ng et al., 2020). Indawmon, however, differs from Inlethelphusa in having the anterolateral margin lined with low granules (Figs. 2, 3A–D) (versus anterolateral margin lined with many sharp teeth in Inlethelphusa; cf. Ng et al., 2020: fig. 6A, B); the G1 subterminal segment tapering gradually from the broad base, the distal part not being prominently narrow and not clearly demarcated from the subcylindrical terminal segment which ends in a sharp tip (Fig. 6A–C, E–G) (versus distal part of G1 subterminal segment narrows abruptly from broad base, narrow and clearly demarcated from cylindrical terminal segment which ends in a truncate tip in Inlethelphusa; cf. Ng et al., 2020: fig. 6D, E); and male thoracic sternites 3 and 4 being longitudinally elongate, with the sternopleonal cavity reaching only to an imaginary line connecting the proximal edge of the coxae of the chelipeds (Fig. 3E, G, H) (versus male thoracic sternites 3 and 4 proportionately longitudinally shorter with sternopleonal cavity reaching to imaginary line connecting middle part of coxae of chelipeds in Inlethelphusa; cf. Ng et al., 2020: fig. 6C). Also noteworthy is that the press-button tubercle in Indawmon is unusual in that it is laterally flattened, while in most potamiscines, it is rounded or peg-like (e.g., in Inlethelphusa, Ng et al., 2020: fig. 4J). Compared to Inlethelphusa, the vulva of Indawmon is directed obliquely and anteriorly with a distinct posterior rim (Fig. 5D) (versus vulva directed more laterally with a large lateral rim; cf. Ng et al., 2020: fig. 7B). The genetic data also supports their separation (see Discussion below).Published as part of Ng, Peter K. L., Mar, Win & Shih, Hsi-Te, 2020, Indawmon thanayei, a new genus and new species of freshwater crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae) from Indawgyi Lake, Kachin State, Myanmar, pp. 529-538 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 530, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0069, http://zenodo.org/record/534475
Errors in juvenile copepod growth rate estimates are widespread: problems with the Moult Rate method
No full textThe ‘Moult Rate’ (MR) method has been used widely to derive stage-specific growth rates in juvenile copepods. It is the most common field-based method. Unfortunately, the equation underlying the method is wrong and, consequently, large errors in juvenile growth rate estimates are widespread. The equation derives growth from the mean weight of 2 consecutive stages (i and i + 1) and the duration of stage i. The weight change and the period to which this change is attributed are, therefore, offset. We explore this potential source of error in the MR method critically. Errors arise as a result of 2 primary factors: (1) unequal durations of successive stages and (2) unequal rates of growth of successive stages. The method of deriving the mean weight (arithmetic or geometric) also has an impact and is examined. Using a steady-state assumption, a range of scenarios and the errors that arise are examined. The literature is then reviewed and the size of errors resulting from MR method application in both field and laboratory situations is estimated. Our results suggest that the MR method can lead to large errors in growth estimation in any stage, but some stages are particularly prone. Errors for the C5 stage are often large because the following stage (the adult) does not moult, and has a different rate of body weight increase. For the same reason, errors are also great where the following stage is not actively moulting (e.g. when diapausing). In these circumstances, published work has commonly greatly underestimated growth. For example, MR growth ranges from 11 to 47% of the value derived correctly for this stage, gi_corr (calculated assuming the non-moulting stage does not grow). In late stages that are followed by actively moulting stages, the MR method has commonly given values in excess of 150% of gi_corr, but underestimation also occurs, with values <90% of gi_corr. We propose new methods and equations that overcome these problems. These equations are written with and without within-stage mortality included. The equations are relatively insensitive to mortality rates within the range found in the field, but only provided that the stage duration is not determined from moult rate. Stage duration estimates obtained from measuring moulting rates of field-collected animals are very sensitive to mortality rates of the animals prior to capture, and field mortality rates are often high enough to produce dramatic over-estimation of stage duration
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