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Making the connections between environment, development, and sustainability
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Journal of International Development 32 (1). Special issue and policy arena: The global and the local in engineering and international development
No full textThis special issue on the global and the local in engineering and development builds on an earlier JID Policy Arena on reflexive engineering. It extends our thinking by elaborating the notion of ‘liquid engineering’, which sees engineering and development as messy and improvisational, a borderland hybrid space, composed of objects and practices, and as reflexive and evolutionary. A set of research articles explore this in different ways using a set of case studies, and the policy arena that follows examines liquid engineering in the context of development practice. All the articles suggest that development engineering is at its most successful when embedded locally and informed by global standards flexed or adapted to local conditions. The local through the integration of relevant case studies can then also shape global practices in useful ways
Oil flow damage in Kraft paper 1: Thermal aging
No full textThermal aging was used as a tool to prepare samples of Kraft paper spanning its entire life cycle in a high voltage transformer, from new to end of life. After characterization of D Pand mechanical properties, selected samples were exposed to oil flows mimicking ONAN, OFAF and reclamation conditions. Aging combined with high flow rates, led to significant surfacer oughening but despite this, no significant erosion was detected even under reclamation conditions. Whilst the tests need to be repeated at higher oil temperatures which more closely reflect conditions in plant, these preliminary findings indicate that the paper insulation component is unlikely to be damaged by normal reclamation activities, even in significantly aged assets
Oil flow damage in Kraft paper 2: UV irradiation
No full textUltraviolet (UV) irradiation was used as a tool Kraft paper. Using measurements of the DP as a function of irradiation time, a theoretical model was used to predict the local value of DP in the surface layer of the paper. After characterization of their mechanical properties, selected samples were exposed to oil flows mimicking ONAN, OFAF and reclamation conditions. The presence of a surface layer of low D Pled to significant surface roughening under high rates of oil flow,but no significant erosion. The findings indicate that the DP value at the surface is more critical than the average (or measured) D Pin determining the extent of oil flow related damage
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Scientific, social science, and technological approaches to understanding environmental change
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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