1,721,951 research outputs found
Wilson (Daniel J.). Arthur O. Lovejoy and the Quest for Intelligibility
No full textGosselin M. Wilson (Daniel J.). Arthur O. Lovejoy and the Quest for Intelligibility. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 63, fasc. 2, 1985. Histoire médiévale, moderne et contemporaine — Middeleeuwse, moderne en hedendaagse geschiedenis. p. 456
Development and application of genome-wide association studies in bacteria
Full text linkSince the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) applied to humans in 2005, incredible advances have been made in understanding the genetic basis underlying common human diseases and complex traits. Dramatic technological developments have enabled rapid, inexpensive whole-genome sequencing in large numbers of bacteria, creating intense interest in the large-scale application of GWAS to bacteria. However, fundamental differences between the genomes of humans and bacteria mean that although the methodological developments in the human setting are an invaluable starting point, novel methods tailored specifically to bacteria are required. This thesis concerns the development and application of GWAS in bacteria. Taking lessons from the past decade of human GWAS, I began by assessing the feasibility of GWAS in bacteria by investigating the bacterial genetic basis underlying antimicrobial resistance. I aimed to empirically test the feasibility of bacterial GWAS in light of particular challenges posed by bacteria such as strong population structure, genome-wide linkage disequilibrium and the presence of large accessory genomes. Specifically, I performed a detailed investigation into fusidic acid resistance in Staphylococcus aureus to assess the impact of controlling for population stratification in highly structured populations. This demonstrated the importance of controlling for population structure in reducing the number of false positives, but also the substantial cost in doing so. Testing for lineage-level associations enabled the inference of important lineage-level differences in phenotypes, typically discarded when controlling for population structure. I then went on to apply the methods developed to two further phenotypes. The first, carriage vs invasive disease in Neisseria meningitidis, identified the known hyperinvasive ST-11 lineage to be associated with invasive disease, and suggested that newly-reported variants in genes involved in capsule production and phase variation play an important role in the virulence potential of meningococci in natural populations. I hypothesised that a combination of two particular variants upstream of the gene encoding the virulence factor fHbp (factor H binding protein), produces a second putative FNR box, a binding site for the global transcriptional regulator FNR, which may affect expression of fHbp. Finally, I investigated wild bird vs chicken colonisation in Campylobacter jejuni and identified lineage-level associations in agreement with previously identified host-associated lineage characteristics. I hypothesised that host-associated variants downstream of the CRISPR-Cas region, in genes involved in lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis and the chemotaxis pathway, represent pathways enabling C. jejuni to survive bacteriophages encountered upon colonising a new host. To conclude, I discussed the findings of this thesis and suggested areas for future development where new technologies and methods will enable bacterial GWAS to be further advanced
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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