1,721,420 research outputs found
On the nature and identity of the moral virtues
Full text linkThe concept of virtue is a vital one for many current debates within philosophy. In
particular, both virtue ethics and virtue epistemology have come to be viewed as
legitimate contenders within their respective domains. The task of virtue theory – of
giving an account of the virtues – is therefore an especially pressing one. If we do not
have a satisfactory account of the virtues, then we will be unable to evaluate those
virtue-centric approaches that have come to be accepted as legitimate contenders within
both ethics and epistemology.
This thesis focuses on the moral virtues and addresses two related issues. The first issue
to be addressed concerns the nature of the moral virtues (or what the virtues are). I
discuss three different positions on this issue: the skills model (on which a virtue is a
type of skill); the composite model (on which a virtue is a combination of skill plus a
characteristic motivation); and the motivations model (on which a virtue is a particular
type of motivation). A chapter is devoted to each of these three models, explaining the
reasons in favour of endorsing each account before then considering objections. I
provide support for the motivations model by first arguing against both the skills and
composite models (in Chapters One and Two). I then defend the motivations model
against serious objections (in Chapters Three and Four). My aim is to demonstrate that
the motivations model is a legitimate contender in this debate, and a live option for
those working in virtue theory.
The second issue to be addressed concerns the identity of the moral virtues (or which
traits ought to be included on a list of moral virtues). I evaluate (in Chapter Five) three
different approaches to identifying the moral virtues, before suggesting that we ought to
consider a view whereby kindness and justice are taken to be fundamentally virtuous
traits. I then (in Chapter Six) explain and defend this suggestion, by proposing a cardinal
understanding of the moral virtues. I argue that this understanding is able to provide
plausible accounts of specific virtuous traits, in addition to providing solutions to
problems currently facing all virtue theorists. There is good reason to accept a cardinal
understanding of virtue that identifies kindness and justice as the fundamental moral
virtues
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Model Building for the Complex System of International Development Aid
No full textThe international development aid system is complex. Researchers argue that a new approach embracing the ‘new science’ of complex systems can make aid more relevant, more appropriate, more innovative and more catalytic, where an interdisciplinary approach provides a new way to study regularities that differs from traditional science. This chapter discusses the study method in detail from the aspects of both data collection and model building. The authors have explored various data sources and focused on five main collections of data for this analysis: aid, trade, migration, security and associated geographical data. The main aim of the Enfolding project focuses on explaining, modelling and forecasting global dynamics of various complex systems such as international development aid, international trade, security and migration. A series of regression models have been built to try to improve the correlations between the aid allocation and the important factors
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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