1,720,958 research outputs found
Social exchanges and depression among older adults in south Brazil
No full textThe specific purpose of this research was to investigate whether social exchanges are systematically related to depression among older adults in South Brazil. In addition the analysis determined if this relationship varied across levels of socioeconomic status, marital status (Cockerham, 1991), gender and race (Su and Ferraro, 1997), physical conditions and risk behaviors. The present study is based on a 1995 survey of 871 non-institutionalized adults, 60 years and older, who live in the Southern region of Brazil. The subjects were followed-up in 1999, with a response rate of 63.9%. After documenting the social exchange patterns, cross-sectional multivariate regression models are estimated to determine how social exchanges are related to depression among Brazilian elderly. Then, residualized regression models, including a selection bias term, are used to specify this relationship longitudinally controlling for socioeconomic status, gender, race, marital status, morbidity, limitations of daily life and risk behaviors. Finally, structural equation models are used to examine if there is a reciprocal relationship between depression and social exchanges. The results showed that the respondents were more likely to participate in exchanges with relatives than with friends. However, the intensity of these exchanges is quite low. Financial exchanges are less common than emotional and instrumental exchanges. Unbalanced exchanges increase depression in one point time and over time. This effect varies according to the type of exchange being considered. Emotional exchanges are significantly related to depression, but instrumental and financial exchanges are not. The intensity of exchanges and frequency of exchanges have an influence in the relationship between of social exchanges and depression. The differences in depression levels between exchangers and non-exchangers are not explained by individual level characteristics. Living arrangements, gender, low education level, married marital status, risk behaviors, morbidity and physical health problems are associated with depression cross-sectionally and longitudinally. The analysis did not find any evidence of a reciprocal relationship between social exchanges and depression
Intergenerational inter vivos transfers: What is the pattern and level of financial support parents provide their adult children?
No full textWhy do parents give their adult children money? What child and parental characteristics influence monetary transfers? Does the effect of these characteristics differ across low, medium, and high transfer dollar amounts? What is the parent\u27s motive behind providing their adult child with a financial transfer? Is it based on the child\u27s income or a life event experienced by the child (i.e., altruism or contingent exchange)? This research examines the relationship between financial transfers and characteristics of the adult child. The data used are the 1992–1994 Health and Retirement Study (HRS), which contains a nationally representative sample of adults born between 1931 and 1941. At baseline, financial transfers to 18,463 adult children living independently from their parent\u27s household (N = 6,001) are examined. Cross-sectional and longitudinal models are specified to determine the relationship between the financial transfer and characteristics of the adult child, controlling characteristics of the parental household across transfer levels. The motive behind the financial transfer behavior is tested using two competing theories, altruism and contingent exchange. Lastly, the relationship between race and the financial transfer as a percent of total household income is examined. Two variables consistently have the greatest effect on the amount of the financial transfer the adult child receives: whether or not the child is currently in school and the total number of children from the parental household. These variables consistently have the greatest effects across: (1) all adult children and sub-samples based on financial transfer amounts, and (2) cross-sectional models specified by either logistic or tobit regression and the longitudinal change models. The motivation behind the financial transfer behavior is clearly identified by the contingent exchange perspective within the longitudinal models. Support for this perspective differed according to the level of the financial transfer given and the critical life event. There were instances in which neither altruism nor contingent exchange explained the transfer behavior. No support was observed for altruism. Finally, race was observed to have a negative effect on the financial transfer as a percent of household income: black households provided a financial transfer of a lower percent of household income compared to white households
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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