1,721,559 research outputs found
Emergency department patient classification systems: a systematic review
No full textBackground
The emergency department is a dynamic environment with a high throughput of patients. The clinical stability of patients varies considerably. In order to provide optimal care for patients a responsive staffing pattern is required. There is a need for a valid and reliable, prospective, emergency department patient classification system to set adequate nurse staffing levels in the UK.Aims and objectives
To conduct a systematic review of the literature and determine the validity, reliability, strengths and weaknesses of emergency department patient classification systems.Methods
The following electronic databases were searched for years 1985–2004: MEDLINE; CINAHL; COCHRANE Library databases DARE, CDSR, CCTR, BioMedNet Reviews, National Research Register (NRR). Manual searches were also conducted and relevant references retrieved from those listed in key papers, reports, theses and dissertations. Studies were also retrieved by contacting researchers in the field.Results
Twelve patient classification systems met all the inclusion criteria. Only three systems reported evidence of good validity and reliability: the ED Patient Needs Matrix developed in the US, the Conner’s Tool (a modified version of the ED Patient Needs Matrix) developed in Australia and the Jones Dependency Tool developed in the UK.Conclusion
There are very few patient classification systems developed for use in the ED setting that have demonstrated good validity and reliability. The Jones Dependency Tool is a simple, easy to use prospective, patient classification system that has demonstrated good validity and reliability in the UK
Indicators of effectiveness - exposing the range, robustness and relevance of outcome measures for the evaluation of Nursing and Midwifery Practice: a literature review
No full textBackground: There are few collations of outcome measures used to evaluate UK nursing and midwifery practice. This paper makes a clear contribution to our existing knowledge by exposing the range and robustness of outcome measure available in the evaluation of nursing and midwifery practice. The review questions answered in this paper are:
1) what patient outcome measures have been used in studies of nursing and midwifery practice in the UK within the last decade?
2) to what extent have the instruments been tested in the UK for validity and reliability with the respective patient populations?
The review was conducted in 2002/3.
Methods: Conventional methods for systematic reviews guided this work. These included: 1) defining terms to be used in the review, 2) searching for published and grey literature relevant to the two review questions, 3) selecting studies from this literature that would help to answer the review questions, 4) appraising studies to further determine their rigor and appropriateness in answering the review questions and 5) synthesising the findings to enable a comprehensive view of outcome measures used to evaluate nursing and midwifery to be formed.
Results and Conclusions: This systematic review identified numerous patient outcome measures, across a range of specialisms, available for the assessment of nursing and midwifery practice in the UK. The review also highlighted the extent to which the instruments have been tested in the UK for validity and reliability and showed the need for further testing of new instruments. The development of qualitative tools, which may also be suited to the evaluation of nursing and midwifery
practice both within the UK and the wider international arena, was identified as an area for future work
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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