1,720,990 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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Exploring the Virtues of Gossip: The Prosocial Motivations and Functions of Reputational Information Sharing
Full text linkSelfish behavior can plague the formation of cooperative relationships and collective efforts. Understanding ways in which groups can overcome selfish motives and foster cooperation, therefore, becomes essential. Recent research reveals that reputation systems promote cooperation and deter antisocial behavior in groups. Little is known, however, about how and why people share reputational information. In this dissertation, I seek to establish the existence and dynamics of prosocial gossip, the sharing of negative evaluative information about a target in a way that protects others from antisocial or exploitative behavior. I present a model of prosocial gossip and the results of five studies testing the model's claims. Results of Studies 1-3 demonstrate that (a) individuals who observe an antisocial act experience negative affect and are compelled to share information about the antisocial actor with a potentially vulnerable person, (b) sharing such information reduces negative affect created by observing the antisocial behavior, (c) individuals possessing more prosocial orientations are the most motivated to engage in such gossip, even at a personal cost, and exhibit the greatest reduction in negative affect as a result. Taken together these results highlight the roles of prosocial motivations and negative affective reactions to injustice in maintaining reputational information sharing in groups. Studies 4-5 explore two ways in which prosocial gossip can effectively deter selfishness and promote cooperation. Study 4 reveals that prosocial gossip promotes cooperation by deterring selfish behavior, especially among those who are more egoistic and prone to exploit others. Study 5 demonstrates how prosocial gossip fosters cooperation by facilitating partner selection, guiding the recipients of the gossip in selecting who to interact with and who to ostracize. I conclude by discussing implications for reputational theories of the maintenance of cooperation in human groups and laying out possibilities for future research
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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Theories and Methods for a Cognitive Macro-Sociology of Culture
Full text linkThis dissertation emerges out of an effort to understand the supra-individual aspects of attitudes and tastes, and especially those political attitudes that make up "public opinion." Various theoretical accounts conceive of large-scale attitude systems in terms of fields, shared schemas, cultural logics, or partisan ideologies. Though diverse, these accounts all depict attitudes as structural phenomena, defined by patterns of relations between cultural, cognitive, or social elements. In the three substantive chapters, I draw on network analysis, statistics, information theory, and computer science to create original methods for such structural analyses. I use them to provide new insights on culture as both individual cognition and macro-scale social organization. The first project examines networks of political attitudes. I find that, across subgroups, attitudes either follow the dominant liberal-conservative logic, or lack systemic organization. In the second project, I clarify and extend existing theories of cultural schemas to develop a greatly improved approach to detecting them in surveys. In the final project, I approach political attitudes as a field of competition. If public opinion is a debate between competing ideological camps, do the camps at least agree on which issues they are debating? My analyses of the skill with which individuals at different positions in the opinion space report their attitudes suggests that no such agreement exists
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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