1,721,037 research outputs found
Temporal and species‐specific resistance of sugar beet to green peach aphid and black bean aphid: mechanisms and implications for breeding
Full text linkAbstract BACKGROUND Sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris ), a key crop for sugar production, faces significant yield losses caused by the black bean aphid Aphis fabae (Scop.) and the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) which also transmit viruses. The restriction on neonicotinoid use in Europe has intensified this problem, emphasizing the urgent need for breeding resistant crop varieties. This study evaluated 26 sugar beet germplasm for resistance against both aphid species by using performance and feeding behavior assays. Additionally, whole plant bioassays and semi‐field experiments were carried out with M. persicae . RESULTS Our findings demonstrate the presence of temporal resistance against both aphid species in the primary sugar beet gene pool. Beet yellows virus (BYV) carrying aphids showed enhanced performance. Different levels of plant defense mechanisms were involved including resistance against M. persicae before reaching the phloem, particularly in sugar beet line G3. In contrast, resistance against A. fabae turned out to be predominately phloem‐located. Furthermore, a high incidence of black inclusion bodies inside the stomach of M. persicae was observed for approx. 85% of the plant genotypes tested, indicate a general and strong incompatibility between sugar beet and M. persicae in an initial phase of interaction. CONCLUSION Sugar beet resistance against aphids involved different mechanisms and is species‐specific. The identification of these mechanisms and interactions represents a crucial milestone in advancing the breeding of sugar beet varieties with improved resistance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Effects of insecticidal seed treatments and foliar sprays in winter oilseed rape in autumn on insect pests and TuYV infection
No full textIn this study, the effect of the four different insecticides Karate Zeon (a.i. lambda-cyhalothrin), Elado (clothianidin + beta-cyfluthrin), Fortenza Force (cyantraniliprole + tefluthrin) (only 2015), and Lumiposa (cyantraniliprole) (only 2016 and 2017) on the insect autumn pests Delia radicum, Psylliodes chrysocephala, and aphids (mainly Myzus persicae) and Turnip Yellows Virus in winter oilseed rape was investigated in 3 years of field trials. The results showed that the effects of the Elado seed treatment on P. chrysocephala depend on the time of migration of adults. Due to delayed immigration of beetles into the field in 2015/2016 and 2017/2018, there was no clear effect of the seed treatment on the number of larvae per plant. In contrast in 2016/2017, the beetles colonized the crop in early September, and the number of larvae was significantly reduced by Elado. Cyantraniliprole and clothianidin seed treatments seem to support crop emergence independent of insect pests assessed. Spraying of the pyrethroid Karate Zeon in autumn significantly decreased the number of larvae in all years. Also the number of next-generation beetles was significantly reduced only by Karate Zeon. In all years, the aphid infestation was significantly reduced only by Elado seed treatment. The infection rate by TuYV was very high in all years and only slightly reduced by Elado seed treatment. There was only minimal occurrence of Delia radicum in all years. Cyantraniliprole products did not show any influence on the assessed insect pests in all years. There was no significant effect of any treatment on yield, but in 2015/2016 and 2016/2017, the highest yield was obtained in the Elado seed treatment
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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