1,720,955 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Effect of Anthropogenic Sound on Foraging Behavior in Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus)
Full text linkAnthropogenic noise can have adverse effects on fish populations. High-amplitude noise can cause hearing damage and interfere with essential behaviors, including feeding, migration, and reproduction. Studies suggest that fish regularly exposed to boat noise in lakes exhibit different behavioral responses compared to populations in quieter environments. Bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) were collected via angling from a “Quiet Lake” (Lake Sagatagan, Collegeville, MN) with no motor use, and a “Loud Lake” (Upper Spunk Lake, Avon, MN) with frequent motor use. Bluegill foraging behavior was examined in response to daily playback of motorboat traffic. Bluegill (n = 5 individuals per trial; n = 5 trials per condition) were exposed to two-day trials under four conditions: Quiet Lake with no sound, Quiet Lake with simulated boat traffic (sound), Loud Lake with no sound, and Loud Lake with sound, for a total of four experimental conditions. Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were replenished at three time points for each trial (Day 1 morning, Day 1 evening, and Day 2 morning) to maintain a constant prey population of 10 minnows throughout the trial. Analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in minnow consumption between groups, suggesting that sound and lake conditions did not significantly affect foraging behavior. There was, however, a significant difference across time points, with more minnows consumed on Day 1 than Day 2
The Great Animal Rights Debate: From the Past into the Present
Full text linkAnimal rights are not a novel concept, and everyone has their own beliefs about where animals should fit into the hierarchy of life. Not so different from today, a debate occurred in the ancient world between the Stoics, represented by Aristotle, and Plutarch, with each questioning whether animals are capable of rational thought or feelings, and therefore whether they are deserving of justice. There is much to learn from the ancient world about the modern debate on animal rights, and there is a striking comparison between this ancient debate and the modern questions of animal rights. But how similar are these debates, and with what significance? Is history repeating itself? Modern scholars offer a multitude of perspectives on the ancient and modern debates, and how different views on animals may be perpetuated within society. Additionally, modern science adds a new element to the debate and even draws parallels to the ancient argument. Aristotle and Plutarch also offer firsthand accounts of the varying ancient perspectives on animals. Through analyzing both the ancient and modern debates, it becomes apparent that there are striking similarities. Had Plutarch’s argument been taken more seriously, animal rights might look different today. And, by learning from the ancient world and bridging the gap between the modern classical and scientific communities, imagine what animal rights could look like in the future
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Life in Plastic? Not So Fantastic: Marine Plastic Pollution on San Salvador Island
Full text linkMarine plastic pollution, also known as marine macroplastic debris (MMD), impacts many aspects of marine ecosystems. MMD is defined as macroplastic (\u3e 5mm) objects that are deposited in the ocean and are found floating in the water column or washed up on beaches. MMD washup is significantly affected by ocean and wind currents. The Antilles Oceanic Current and the Trade Winds move west across the Atlantic Ocean, and thus were predicted to cause more MMD deposition on the eastern side of San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Beaches on the North (Graham’s Harbor), South (French Bay), East (East Beach), and West (Columbus Beach) sides of San Salvador Island were sampled using ten, two-meter-wide transects at each site. Transect length was measured from the water line up to the high tide mark. In each transect, MMD was collected, counted, and categorized. Data for plastic area density (1/m²) was pooled for each of the four sites and compared using ANOVA statistical analysis. There was significantly greater area density of plastic pollution on the East side compared to the North, South, and West sites. In addition, data for MMD categories was pooled from all four sites. There was a greater number of small, unidentifiable pieces, as well as bottles and bottle caps, compared to other categories. The hypothesis was supported, as the majority of MMD was deposited on the East side, where wind and ocean currents move toward the island. This study is beneficial for understanding the amount and impact of plastic pollution, as ocean currents carry macroplastics across the globe. Additionally, since macroplastics are subject to breakdown, this study offers useful information for future studies on the effects of microplastics (\u3c 5mm) on both marine and terrestrial ecosystems
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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