1,233 research outputs found
Uncertainty avoidance and the rate of business ownership across 21 OECD countries, 1976–2004
No full textPersistent differences in the level of business ownership across countries have attracted the attention of scientific as well as political debate. Cultural as well as economic influences are assumed to play a role. This paper deals with the influence of cultural attitudes towards uncertainty on the rate of business ownership across 21 OECD countries. First, the concepts of uncertainty and risk are elaborated, as well as their relevance for entrepreneurship. An occupational choice model is introduced to underpin our reasoning at the macro-level. Second, regression analysis using pooled macro data for 1976, 1990 and 2004 and controlling for several economic variables, yields evidence that uncertainty avoidance is positively correlated with the prevalence of business ownership. According to our model, a restrictive climate of large organizations in high uncertainty avoidance countries pushes individuals striving for autonomy towards self-employment. Regressions for these 3 years separately show that in 2004, this positive correlation is no longer found, indicating that a compensating pull of entrepreneurship in countries with low uncertainty avoidance may have gained momentum in recent years. Third, an interaction term between uncertainty avoidance and GDP per capita in the pooled panel regressions shows that the historical negative relationship between GDP per capita and the level of business ownership is substantially weaker for countries with lower uncertainty avoidance. This suggests that rising opportunity costs of self-employment play a less important role in this cultural environment, or are being compensated by increasing entrepreneurial opportunities
Uncertainty avoidance and the rate of business ownership across 21 OECD countries, 1976-2004
No full textPersistent differences in the level of business ownership across countries have attracted the attention of scientific as well as political debate. Cultural as well as economic influences are assumed to play a role. This paper deals with the influence of cultural attitudes towards uncertainty on the level of business ownership across 21 OECD countries. First, the concepts of uncertainty and risk are elaborated, as well as their relevance for entrepreneurship. An occupational choice model is introduced to underpin our reasoning at the macro-level. Second, regression analysis using pooled macro data for 1976, 1990 and 2004 and controlling for several economic variables, yields evidence that uncertainty avoidance is positively correlated with the prevalence of business ownership. According to our model, a restrictive climate of large organizations in high uncertainty avoidance countries pushes individuals striving for autonomy towards self-employment.�Regressions for these three years separately show that in 2004 this positive correlation is no longer found, indicating that a compensating pull of entrepreneurship in countries with low uncertainty avoidance may have gained momentum in recent years. Third, an interaction term between uncertainty avoidance and GDP per capita in the pooled panel regressions shows that the historical negative relationship between GDP per capita and the level of business ownership is substantially weaker for countries with lower uncertainty avoidance. This suggests that rising opportunity costs of self-employment play a less important role in this cultural environment, or are being compensated by increasing entrepreneurial opportunities.
Carboxylation of carbenes in low-temperature matrixes
No full textPT: J; CR: ADAM W, 1971, J AM CHEM SOC, V93, P557 ADAM W, 1973, J ORG CHEM, V38, P2269 BAMFORD WR, 1952, J CHEM SOC, P4735 BONNEAU R, 1989, J CHEM SOC CHEM COMM, P510 CHAMPAM OL, 1972, J AM CHEM SOC, V94, P1365 COE PL, 1982, J CHEM SOC CHEM COMM, P362 EISENTHAL KB, 1985, TETRAHEDRON, V41, P1543 GANZER GA, 1986, J AM CHEM SOC, V108, P1517 GOULD IR, 1985, TETRAHEDRON, V41, P1587 GRAHAM WH, 1965, J AM CHEM SOC, V87, P4396 GRILLER D, 1985, TETRAHEDRON, V41, P1525 LIU MTH, 1980, J CHEM SOC CHEM COMM, P1482 LIU MTH, 1987, TETRAHEDRON LETT, V28, P1011 MALTSEV AK, 1985, IAN SSSR KH, P2159 MCMAHON RJ, 1987, J AM CHEM SOC, V109, P2456 MILLIGAN DE, 1962, J CHEM PHYS, V35, P2911 MOSS RA, 1989, ACCOUNTS CHEM RES, V22, P15 PLATZ MS, 1990, KINETICS SPECTROSCOP, P239 PUZA M, 1971, SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART, P481 SANDER W, 1988, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V27, P572 SANDER W, 1988, ANGEW CHEM, V100, P577 SANDER W, 1988, J ORG CHEM, V53, P2091 SANDER W, 1990, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V29, P344 SANDER W, 1990, ANGEW CHEM, V102, P362 SANDER WW, 1987, SPECTROCHIM ACTA A, V43, P637 SANDER WW, 1989, J ORG CHEM, V54, P333 SANDER WW, 1989, J ORG CHEM, V54, P4265 SIEBRAND W, 1986, ACCOUNTS CHEM RES, V19, P238 WHELAND R, 1970, J AM CHEM SOC, V92, P6057; NR: 29; TC: 22; J9: J ORG CHEM; PG: 3; GA: HB875Source type: Electronic(1
What Is It Like to Be a Bat-Author? Viktor Pelevin's Empire V
No full textIn this paper, Viktor Pelevin's novel Empire V (2006) is analysed, with its main concern with the status of language, in fiction as well as in contemporary Russian culture. The work is seen as a kind of sequel to Generation 17: whereas that novel predominantly focused on the problem of consciousness, its problematical relation with reality, but expressed this problem in language, in Empire V the problem of language as the form of consciousness is foregrounded; inevitably thus the status of the text we are reading and the relation it has to its author is problematized - as is the relation it has to its reader. It is a text that reflects on what language, its material, does. The possibility is suggested that this novel tries to rind a way out of postmodernism's anxieties about the conscious personality being an illusion, created by his own language.</p
What Is It Like to Be a Bat-Author? Viktor Pelevin's Empire V
No full textIn this paper, Viktor Pelevin's novel Empire V (2006) is analysed, with its main concern with the status of language, in fiction as well as in contemporary Russian culture. The work is seen as a kind of sequel to Generation 17: whereas that novel predominantly focused on the problem of consciousness, its problematical relation with reality, but expressed this problem in language, in Empire V the problem of language as the form of consciousness is foregrounded; inevitably thus the status of the text we are reading and the relation it has to its author is problematized - as is the relation it has to its reader. It is a text that reflects on what language, its material, does. The possibility is suggested that this novel tries to rind a way out of postmodernism's anxieties about the conscious personality being an illusion, created by his own language.</p
What Is It Like to Be a Bat-Author? Viktor Pelevin's Empire V
No full textIn this paper, Viktor Pelevin's novel Empire V (2006) is analysed, with its main concern with the status of language, in fiction as well as in contemporary Russian culture. The work is seen as a kind of sequel to Generation 17: whereas that novel predominantly focused on the problem of consciousness, its problematical relation with reality, but expressed this problem in language, in Empire V the problem of language as the form of consciousness is foregrounded; inevitably thus the status of the text we are reading and the relation it has to its author is problematized - as is the relation it has to its reader. It is a text that reflects on what language, its material, does. The possibility is suggested that this novel tries to rind a way out of postmodernism's anxieties about the conscious personality being an illusion, created by his own language.</p
Uncertainty Avoidance and the Rate of Business Ownership Across 21 OECD Countries, 1976-2004
No full textPersistent differences in the level of business ownership across countries have attracted the attention of scientific as well as political debate. Cultural as well as economic influences are assumed to play a role. This paper deals with the influence of cultural attitudes towards uncertainty on the rate of business ownership across 21 OECD countries. First, the concepts of uncertainty and risk are elaborated, as well as their relevance for entrepreneurship. An occupational choice model is introduced to underpin our reasoning at the macro-level. Second, regression analysis using pooled macro data for 1976, 1990 and 2004 and controlling for several economic variables, yields evidence that uncertainty avoidance is positively correlated with the prevalence of business ownership. According to our model, a restrictive climate of large organizations in high uncertainty avoidance countries pushes individuals striving for autonomy towards self-employment. Regressions for these three years separately show that in 2004, this positive correlation is no longer found, indicating that a compensating pull of entrepreneurship in countries with low uncertainty avoidance may have gained momentum in recent years. Third, an interaction term between uncertainty avoidance and GDP per capita in the pooled panel regressions shows that the historical negative relationship between GDP per capita and the level of business ownership is substantially weaker for countries with lower uncertainty avoidance. This suggests that rising opportunity costs of self-employment play a less important role in this cultural environment, or are being compensated by increasing entrepreneurial opportunities.Entrepreneurship;Business Ownership;Comparative Analysis of Economies;Cross Country Study;Cultural Economics;Uncertainty Avoidance
From Sander to Schiavo: Morality, Partisan Politics, and America’s Culture War over Euthanasia, 1950–2010
No full textThe article discusses cultural conflicts and social policies regarding euthanasia in the United states from 1950 to 2010. The author highlights high-profile legal cases related to euthanasia including, the trial of Dr. Herman Sander, the first U.S. physician to stand trial for euthanasia, the case surrounding the termination of coma-patient Terri Schiavo's life support, and the trial of physician Jack Kevorkian. Other topics discussed include the impact of moral activism on politics, U.S. President Ronald Reagan's views on euthanasia, and the U.S. Supreme Court's rulings in euthanasia cases
Desain Rangka Mesin Bandsaw Dan Belt Sander
No full textProgress in the increasingly developing field of technology is an aspect of knowledge and technology that requires higher education to be able to increase their ability to master technology. The purpose of converting energy to machines is to help make human work easier. Plywood/wood cutting machine saw from manual becomes a useful machine for Bengkalis State Polytechnic students. The objectives are 1. To make it easier for the user when cutting plywood, 2. To find out the design process for the bandsaw machine frame and belt sander, 3. To know the planning procedures for the bandsaw machine frame design and belt sander. Study literature used by the author by looking for references related to design to create a project.
In this process, the authors designed a bandsaw and belt sander frame design where the design will be designed in such a way and function as a reference in the process of making the tool, this tool uses an unp iron frame 80 x 45 x 5 mm and hollow iron 30 x 30 x 1.8 mm by using a 1-phase electric motor and also using 2 wheels. This bandsaw saw machine is for cutting plywood and wood of small and large sizes. Belt sander for the sanding process after cutting which is a design with a scale of 1:100.
Keywords: Design Bandsaw And Belt Sander Desig
Dynamics of high-speed micro-drop impact: numerical simulations and experiments at frame-to-frame times below 100 ns
No full textTechnologies including (3D-) (bio-)printing, diesel engines, laser-induced forward transfer, and spray cleaning require optimization and therefore understanding of micrometer-sized droplets impacting at velocities beyond 10 m s−1. However, as yet, this regime has hardly been addressed. Here we present the first time-resolved experimental investigation of microdroplet impact at velocities up to V0 = 50 m s−1, on hydrophilic and -phobic surfaces at frame rates exceeding 107 frames per second. A novel method to determine the 3D-droplet profile at sub-micron resolution at the same frame rates is presented, using the fringe pattern observed from a bottom view. A numerical model, which is validated by the side- and bottom-view measurements, is employed to study the viscous boundary layer inside the droplet and the development of the rim. The spreading dynamics, the maximal spreading diameter, the boundary layer thickness, the rim formation, and the air bubble entrainment are compared to theory and previous experiments. In general, the impact dynamics are equal to millimeter-sized droplet impact for equal Reynolds-, Weber- and Stokes numbers (Re, We, and St, respectively). Using our numerical model, effective scaling laws for the progression of the boundary layer thickness and the rim diameter are provided. The dimensionless boundary layer thickness develops in time (t) according to Image ID:c4sm02474e-t1.gif, and the diameter of the rim develops as Image ID:c4sm02474e-t2.gif, with drop diameter D0 and inertial time scale τ = D0/V0. These scalings differ from previously assumed, but never validated, values. Finally, no splash is observed, at variance with many predictions but in agreement with models including the influence of the surrounding gas. This confirms that the ambient gas properties are key ingredients for splash threshold prediction
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