1,878 research outputs found
Developmental and stress induced changes in peptide and catecholamine content of the paraaortic paraganglia
No full textThe paraaortic body (PAB) is the largest extra-adrenal paraganglion and during the perinatal period it contains a substantial amount of catecholamines (CAs). The PAB also contain peptides, whose function in the PAB is not clear. The main object of this thesis was to examine peptides in the PAB, to describe their perinatal development and response to different stimuli. The effect of tumor transition on the expression of peptides was also studied. Enkephalin-(ENK), galanin-(GAL), and neuropeptide Y-(NPY) like immunoreactivities (LI) were demonstrated in paraganglion cells as well as in adrenal medullary cells of fetal or newborn animals of three species; i.e. the rabbit, guinea-pig and pig. However, NPY-LI was not detected in these cells of the pig. In addition, coexistence of NPY/GAL, NPY/ENK, and GAL/ENK was observed within the paraganglion cells of the guinea pig. The coexistence of these peptides was also demonstrated on the subcellular level, since both GAL- and NPY-LI as well as noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline were present in the chromaffin granule fraction after ultracentrifugation of adrenal gland homogenate on a sucrose density gradient. This strongly suggests that both peptides are stored in chromaffin granules together with CAs. A higher number of peptides is expressed in paraganglion cells, which have undergone tumor transition. In a human paraganglioma, immunoreactivities to ENK, dynorphin, somatostatin, and calbindin were the most frequently expressed peptides, whereas immunoreactivities, to GAL, NPY, and cholecystokinin were less frequent.The PAB is prominent in the fetal and newborn rabbit, why this species was chosen for the subsequent developmental studies. During the perinatal period, the highest content of GAL- and NPY-LI in the rabbit PAB was found at birth and after birth both decreased. In contrast, the content of ENK-LI showed a progressive increase with age, as did the content of the CAs. This suggests that the expression of these peptides is regulated differently. In the adrenal gland, there was a progressive increase with age in the content of all peptides as well as of the CAs. At birth, the PAB content of all these peptides was higher than in the adrenal glands. This is the first report describing the perinatal development of GAL- and NPY-LI in paraganglia and, for GAL-LI, also in the adrenal gland. The PAB content of the peptides did not change in response to asphyxia, insulin-induced hypoglycemia or reserpine, with the exception of an increased content of ENK-LI by 60 minutes of asphyxia. Also in the adrenal gland, ENK-LI tended to increase after asphyxia, whereas the adrenaline content was reduced. The only peptide for which its adrenal content was reduced by insulin-induced hypoglycemia was ENK-LI. The reduction of ENK-LI was strikingly parallel to the reduction of the CAs and was significant at all times between 1.5 and 4 hours after insulin administration (20 U/kg). Reserpine (15 mg/kg) reduced the CA content in both the PAB and adrenal glands three hours after administration, whereas no change in peptide content was observed.The present results demonstrates that there is a relatively homogenous expression of peptides in the three species studied, with the exception for NPY-LI in the pig, and that these peptides can occur in the same chromaffin cells, where they can be localized within the same chromaffin granule as the CAs. During the perinatal period they appear to be regulated differently in the PAB, where the highest amounts of GAL- and NPY-LI are found at birth, whereas the PAB content of ENK-LI increases postnatally. The possible role of these peptides in the PAB has not been established, since the PAB content of these peptides was unchanged in response to all stimuli used.List of scientific papersI. Fried G, Meister B, Wikström M, Terenius L, Goldstein M. (1989). Galanin-, neuropeptide Y- and enkephalin-like immunoreactivities in catecholamine-storing paraganglia of the fetal guinea pig and newborn pig. Cell Tissue Res. 255(3):495-504. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2468416II. Fried G, Wikström LM, Höög A, Arver S, Cedermark B, Hamberger B, Grimelius L, Meister B (1994). Multiple neuropeptide immunoreactivities in a renin-producing human paraganglioma. Cancer. 74(1):142-51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7911735III. Fried G, Wikström LM, Franck J, Rökaeus Å (1991). Galanin and neuropeptide Y in chromaffin granules from the guinea-pig. Acta Physiol Scand. 142(4):487-93. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1719746IV. Wikström LM, Rökaeus Å, Fried G (1993). Perinatal development of galanin-like immunoreactivity in chromaffin tissues of the rabbit. Regul Pept. 44(3):297-303. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7683437V. Wikström LM, Meister B, Franck J, Fried G (1996). Changes in enkephalin and neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in rabbit chromaffin tissues during perinatal development. Regul Pept. 61(1):37-44. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8701025VI. Wikström LM, Rökaeus Å, Fried G. (1998). Effects of acute stress on the contents of catecholamines and neuropeptides in chromaffin tissues of the newborn rabbit. Regul Pept. 78(1-3):125-31. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9879755</p
University education and income – does prior achievement matter?
No full textThe purpose of this study is to find out if the income premium from university entrance differs with respect to prior achievement as measured by previous grades. Using income at the age of 28 to 30, we analyze if high-achievers have larger income premiums from entering university than low-achievers in a sample of Swedish upper secondary school students. We find that income differences generally are positive, albeit larger for females than for males. It is also found that the income premium is larger for high-achievers than for low-achievers. However, especially for males, the income premium rises only marginally with prior achievement for a large part of the grade distribution, indicating that there are only small differences in the returns to university entrance for a majority of upper secondary school graduates.Premium; Predictive validity; Upper secondary GPA; Achievement; University entrance
Memorandum : betr. die Sicherung und Erschliessung der Quellen zur juedischen Kulturgeschichte und Familienkunde.
No full textDocument about the proposed establishment of a center for German Jewish culture and genealogy in Berlin or HamburgdigitizedThe manuscript has been removed from the ‘Lehranstalt fuer die Wissenschaft des Judentums Collection’, AR 11844Born in Hamburg on February 26, 1896, Erna Magnus was a social worker who was engaged in an historical study of the Jewish community of Hamburg during the 1930s. She emigrated to the United States in 1939, where she held various social work and teaching position
Portrait of Paul Heyse.
No full textPhotograph of an oil painting by Eduard Magnus depicting the author, translator and Nobel laureate for literature (1910), Paul Johann Ludwig von Heyse.Digital ImageArtwork
De conscientia morali disquisitio. Cujus partem secundam ... p. p. Sigurd Ribbing ... et Magnus Wikström Norrl. In audit. Gust. die V Aprilis MDCCCXLIII. H. P. M. S., 2 [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textDas rhetorische Ich: Hans Magnus Enzensbergers Selbstinszenierungen
No full textThe article discusses the rhetorical strategies underlying Hans Magnus Enzensberger's presentation of his work as an author, editor and poet
Das rhetorische Ich: Hans Magnus Enzensbergers Selbstinszenierungen
No full textThe article discusses the rhetorical strategies underlying Hans Magnus Enzensberger's presentation of his work as an author, editor and poet
Optimal Tax Progression: Does it Matter if Wage Bargaining is Centralized or Decentralized?
No full textWe study how the optimal use of labor income tax progression depends on whether the wage bargaining system is decentralized or centralized. Assuming a nonlinear labor income tax and an unrestricted profit tax, we show that a Utilitarian government is able to implement the first best resource allocation with a zero marginal labor income tax rate under decentralized wage bargaining, whereas centralized bargaining typically implies a progressive tax as well as unemployment. However, if the government and a (central) wage-setter bargain over wage formation and public policy, the resulting equilibrium is characterized by full employment and a zero marginal tax rate.Optimal taxation; tax progressivity; wage bargaining; corporatism
Microstructural characterization of alkali metal mediated high temperature reactions in mullite based refractories
No full textTwo types of refractory bricks were used in reaction tests with slag from a production kiln for iron ore pellet production. Electron microscopy was used to characterize morphological changes at the slag/brick interface and active chemical reactions. Phases such as kalsilite, nepheline and potassium β-alumina form, in a layered structure, as a consequence of alkali metals migration in the brick. Larger hematite grains (50–100 μm) in the slag remain at the original slag/brick interface, while smaller grains dissolve and move through the partly dissolved brick bulk, and forms micrometer sized needle-shaped crystals deeper in the lining material. Thermodynamic simulations predict the formation of a solid solution between hematite and corundum which is also observed in the reaction zone after extended time periods.Original Publication:J. Stjernberg, B. Lindblom, J. Wikström, M.-L. Antti and Magnus Odén, Microstructural characterization of alkali metal mediated high temperature reactions in mullite based refractories, 2010, Ceramics International, (36), 733-740.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2009.10.018Copyright: Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.http://www.elsevier.com
Comparing consortial repositories: a model-driven analysis
No full textThis study aims to provide a comparative assessment of different repository consortia as a reference to inform future work in the area. A review of the literature was used to identify repository consortia, and their features were compared. Three models of consortial repositories were derived from this comparison, based on their structure and aims. The consortial models were based around either: creating a shared repository for the members, developing a repository software platform or creating a metadata harvesting service to aggregate content. Using case studies of each type of repository consortium, each model was assessed in terms of its particular strengths and weaknesses. These strengths were then compared across the models to enable those considering a consortial repository project to assess which model, or combination of models, would best address their needs and to aid in project planning
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