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Table S1: Data extraction table. A summary of the 166 candidate biomarkers that met the inclusion/exclusion criteria.
No full textSupplementary material to Translating Biomarkers of Cholangiocarcinoma for Theranosis: A Systematic Review
High resolution files of figures included in manuscript cancers-931915
No full textHigh resolution files of figures included in manuscript cancers-93191
Developing novel targeted diagnostics and therapeutics for cholangiocarcinoma
Get PDFCholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are a rare group of cancers with dismal prognosis. New therapeutic options are therefore warranted. Nanomedicine has the potential to improve cancer diagnosis and therapy (theranosis) but has infrequently been explored in CCA.
The aim of this study was to develop a targeted theranostic system for CCA. An orthotopic murine model of CCA to test these systems in a more accurate model of the disease was first generated. Potential biomarkers for theranosis were identified, one of which, tenascin C (TNC), was explored further.
To facilitate the development of orthotopic CCA models, bioluminescent extra-hepatic CCA cell lines were generated using lentiviral infection. Clone TFKluc2B2, was selected for the orthotopic model. These cells were injected under high-frequency ultrasound (HF-US) guidance into peri-cholecystic area of the murine liver. The optimised method yielded 90% success for tumour establishment with the ability to image tumour growth by longitudinal bioluminescent imaging and tumour volume measurement using HF-US.
Potential biomarkers for theranosis in cholangiocarcinoma were identified and evaluated using a systematic approach and a modified scoring system (TASC-T score). Matrix metalloproteinase 9, claudin 18, TNC, carbonic anhydrase 9 and epidermal growth factor receptor showed the highest theranostic potential. TNC was evaluated in 54 human CCA and paired para-cancerous normal liver specimens. Significantly higher TNC immunolabelling was observed in CCA tissue.
Fluorescent-labelled TNC affimers (peptide-based antibody mimetics), were evaluated for their ability to target TNC-positive murine tumours in vivo. A trend towards increased fluorescence was seen in tumours of the TNC affimer group compared to control affimer. Gold nanoparticles and two chemotherapeutic agents (gemcitabine and irinotecan) were also evaluated as part of a potential theranostic system that would include photothermal therapy and targeted drug delivery.
This work provides the rationale for a nanoparticle-based theranostic system to be developed for improved therapeutics in CCA
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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