1,720,955 research outputs found
Indicators for assessing efficient power grid utilization
No full textThis Master thesis has been performed at the department Technical analysis at the Swedish Energy Markets Inspectorate (Ei). The thesis intends to explore possible indicators for assessing efficient power grid utilization. Today there are two different types of efficiency incentives in the Swedish regulation of grid companies and these are a demand on streamlining current operating costs and an incentive scheme for an efficient grid utilization. To quantify to what extent the grid is utilized efficiently two indicators, a load factor and network losses, are used in an incentive scheme too incentivize an efficient grid utilization. This thesis has been limited to examining other possible indicators for quantifying to what extent the grid is utilized efficiently and the analysis has been limited to an evaluation of indicators that treats load in the interconnection points between grid companies. The used load factor has also been further analysed and two possible changes to the load factor are suggested. To analyse the indicators that treats load in the interconnection points between grid companies a simulation model has been created. A previously developed test network has stood as model for the customer mix and load patterns used in this developed model. During this work, data from a medium-sized Swedish grid company has also been analysed. To do this, a syntax has been created which enables a further analysis of data from other companies if it is to be collected in the future. The created model treats three different scenarios and their impact on the analysed indicators. The scenarios are about demand response, an increased proportion of solar cells in the network as well as an increased amount of electric cars and their resulting load from home charging. The resulting model has been implemented in Matlab. The results mainly show that a weighted average in relation to the amount of energy transmitted for the load factor can provide a greater signal as to what the indicator mainly aims to incentivize, i.e. to even out the load during times of high load. At least this is what is the most important with today’s conditions for Swedish networks. The results also give an indication as to how the analysed indicators can change depending on the analysed scenarios, but an analysis on more networks is recommended since the results may differ for different networks. For the performed analysis the most important thing to consider is that an increase in solar power in a network may have a negative impact on the indicators, which should be taken into consideration when using the analysed indicators in a regulation for efficient utilization. The recommendation I would like to give to Ei, based on the results, is to consider a weighted average for the load factor to further incentivize an even load at days with a higher load more than less congested days. If all days are to be considered as equally important to even out the load in the interconnection points, I would like to recommend to accounting for the distribution of the daily values that are used in calculating the load factor by using for example percentiles. Ei is also recommended to collect data from more Swedish grid companies to further investigate possible changes to the analysed indicators for the analysed scenarios. For future investigation I would also recommend an analysis of indicators that does not treat load in the interconnection points, if these are of interest in relation to the definition used for what can be considered an effective utilization of the power grid in Sweden.Detta examensarbete är utfört på avdelningen Teknisk analys på Energimarknadsinspektionen (Ei). Examensarbetet har för avsikt att undersöka möjliga indikatorer för bedömning av effektiv elnätsdrift. I dagsläget finns två olika typer effektivitetsincitament inom den svenska regleringen av elnätsföretag och dessa är krav på effektivisering gällande löpande påverkbara kostnader samt krav på ett effektivt utnyttjande av elnätet. För att kvantifiera hur effektivt elnätet utnyttjas används i dagsläget en indikator för lastutjämning, lastfaktorn, samt andelen nätförluster i förhållande till mängden överförd energi. Detta examensarbete har avgränsats till att undersöka fler möjliga indikatorer för att kvantifiera effektiv nätdrift och analysen har avgränsats till att behandla indikatorer för belastning i gränspunkt. Under arbetet har även den använda lastfaktorn analyserats och förslag på förändringar till denna har tagits fram. För att analysera indikatorer för belastning i gränspunkt har en simuleringsmodell skapats, där ett tidigare framtaget testnät har stått som modell för den kundsammansättning och de belastningsmönster som finns i modellen. Under arbetet har även data för år 2015 från ett medelstort svenskt elnätsföretag analyserats. För detta arbete har det skapats ett syntax där analys av flera elnäts data kan analyseras om detta vid senare tillfälle skulle samlas in. I den skapade modellen har tre scenarion analyserats för att se deras inverkan på värdet hos analyserade indikatorer. De tre scenarierna behandlar demand response, en ökad andel solceller i nätet samt en ökad mängd hemmaladdning till följd av en ökad mängd elbilar. Den framtagna modellen har implementerats i Matlab. Resultatet för det genomförda arbetet visar främst att ett viktat årsmedelvärde i förhållande till mängden överförd energi för lastfaktorn kan ge starkare styrsignaler för att jämna ut belastning de dagar som har en större mängd överförd energi, vilket i dagsläget har större fördelar än utjämning av lägre belastade dagar. Resultatet visar även på en möjlig förändring av de analyserade indikatorerna vid de analyserade scenarierna, men fler analyser på andra nät rekommenderas då resultatet kan skilja beroende på vilket nät som avses. För de analyser som genomförts påvisas främst att en ökad mängd solceller bör tas i beaktning vid användande av de analyserade indikatorerna. Den rekommendation jag ger Ei, baserat på det framkomna resultatet, är att överväga ett viktat medelvärde för att ge ytterligare styrsignaler att jämna ut högre belastade dagar mer än lägre belastade dagar. Om alla dagar fortsättningsvis skall anses lika viktiga att jämna ut rekommenderar jag att ta hänsyn till fördelningen hos de dygnsvärden som används vid beräkningen av lastfaktorn genom att se till exempelvis percentiler. Ei rekommenderas även att samla in data från fler svenska elnätsföretag för att undersöka möjliga förändringar för indikatorerna för de analyserade scenarierna. För kommande utredningsarbeten rekommenderas även att analysera indikatorer som inte berör belastning i gränspunkt, om dessa skulle vara relevanta utefter den definition som används för vad som anses med ett effektivt utnyttjande
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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