1,720,985 research outputs found
The impact of airway-irritating exposure and wet work on subjects with allergy or other sensitivity - epidemiology and mechanisms
No full textSammanfattning -- Förekomsten av astma och andra allergier ökar, vilket betyder att andelen av
arbetare på arbetsmarknaden med allergi eller annan överkänslighet också ökar.
Det är inte känt på vilket sätt dessa personer med en ökad känslighet i luftvägar
och hud påverkas av exponeringar för irriterande ämnen på arbetsplatsen.
Huvudsyftet med den här avhandlingen var att undersöka hur personer med
allergi och annan överkänslighet är exponerade på arbetet i jämförelse med friska
personer, och vad hälsoeffekterna blir för personer som får en luftvägs- eller
huddiagnos tidigt i livet.
En jobbexponeringsmatris (JEM) för svenska förhållanden, innehållande
bedömningar av luftvägsirriterande exponering och våtarbete utvecklades i Studie
I. JEMen applicerades på två stora populationskohorter, Värnpliktskohorten och
Folkhälsoenkäten. I båda kohorterna hade personer med astma exponerade arbeten
nästan lika ofta som friska personer, medan personer med allergisk rinit mer
sällan hade jobb bedömda som exponerade. Våtarbete var vanligare hos arbetare
med symptom som vanligtvis orsakas av yrkesexponering (handeksem), än hos
arbetare med symptom som utvecklas i barndomen (atopiskt eksem). I Studie II
studerades hälsokonsekvenserna av att ha en luftvägsdiagnos i
Värnpliktskohorten, vilket visade att personer med astma hade en ökad risk för
sjuklighet och dödlighet jämfört med friska personer och personer med allergisk
rinit.
I Studie III-V studerades exponering för inhalerade partiklar, speciellt dos till
lungan och lungans genomsläpplighet för ultrafina förbränningspartiklar. I
samarbete med en tysk forskargrupp modifierade vi en metod för att kunna
framställa radioaktiva ultrafina kolpartiklar. Partiklarna inhalerades av personer
med astma, rökare och friska personer. Med den modifierade metoden fick vi fram
partiklar med en stabil storlek och med en stabil bindning mellan partikeln och
radiomärkningen, vilket är en förutsättning när man följer partiklar inuti kroppen
under en lägre tid. Det fanns ingen mätbar translokering av de ultrafina partiklarna
från lungorna till andra delar av kroppen. Dosen till lungan var däremot högre hos
personer med astma och hos rökare, jämfört med hos friska personer.
Sammanfattningsvis är en ökande andel av arbetskraften idag extra känslig och
reagerar med symptom redan vid låga nivåer av exponeringar i arbetsmiljön. För
att kunna ge bra information och utveckla preventionen måste vi först veta var
insatserna behövs. Med hjälp av en JEM för luftvägsirriterande ämnen kan man
hitta samband mellan känsliga grupper och exponeringar, något vi har dålig
kunskap om idag. Denna avhandling har visat att det finns känsliga grupper som
vi vet har hög sjukfrånvaro och arbetslöshet, och ofta har arbetsbyten och
37
psykosociala problem, men som trots det inte självmant undviker exponeringar
som påverkar hälsan negativt. Resultaten i denna avhandling stödjer inte
hypotesen att känsliga grupper kan få en högre dos av partiklar till målorgan på
grund av att fler partiklar translokerar. Det är däremot möjligt att den högre dos av
partiklar till lungan som vi såg hos känsliga försökspersoner kan medverka till
systemiska effekter. Mer forskning krävs för att utreda om även en minimal
translokering av partiklar är tillräcklig för att orsaka skadliga effekter.----------------------The prevalence of asthma and allergies is increasing, which means that the
proportion of workers on the labour market with allergy or other sensitivity also
increases. It is as of yet not known to what extent these persons with an elevated
sensitivity in the airways or the skin are affected by exposure to irritating
substances at work.
The main aims of this thesis were to investigate how subjects with allergy or
other sensitivity are exposed at work places compared to healthy subjects and
consequences of an airway diagnosis early in life.
A job-exposure matrix (JEM) for Swedish conditions, for estimation of airway
irritating exposure and wet work was developed in Study I. The JEM was applied
on two large population cohorts, the Conscription cohort and the People Health
Survey. In both cohorts, subjects with asthma had exposed jobs to nearly the same
extent as healthy subjects, while subjects with allergic rhinitis rarely had jobs
assessed as exposed. Wet work was more associated to symptoms caused by
occupational exposure (hand eczema) than to symptoms appearing in childhood
(atopic eczema).
In Study II the consequences of an airway diagnosis for health was studied in
the Conscription cohort, which revealed that asthmatic subjects had an increased
risk for morbidity and mortality compared to healthy subjects and subjects with
allergic rhinitis.
In Study III-V the exposure to inhaled particles was studied, especially the lung
deposition and permeability of ultrafine combustion particles. In collaboration
with a German research group we modified a method for the production of
ultrafine radiolabelled combustion particles. Asthmatics, smokers and healthy
subjects inhaled the particles. The modified method yielded particles with a stable
radioactive label and a stable particle size, making it a suitable method for the
study of inhaled particles. We found that the translocation from the lungs to the
circulation was negligible for both 100 nm and 35 nm particles. The dose to the
lung was however higher in subjects with asthma and in smokers, compared to in
healthy subjects.
In conclusion, an increasing proportion of the workers today is sensitive and
reacts with symptoms already at low levels of airway-irritating exposure. To be
able to give appropriate information and develop prevention, we have to know
where efforts are needed. With a JEM for airway-irritating agents it is possible to
find associations between sensitive groups and exposure, something that we have
poor knowledge of today. This thesis has revealed some sensitive groups that do
35
not voluntarily avoid health detrimental exposures, groups that are known to have
poor health, high unemployment and absence due to sickness.
We found little evidence for the hypothesis that the vulnerability of susceptible
individuals should be a consequence of a higher direct dose of particles to target
organs. It is, however, possible that a higher particle dose to the lung contribute to
systemic effects. More research is needed to establish if a minimal fraction of
translocated particles is sufficient to cause harmful effects
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
