442 research outputs found
Andros-Spica/CAA-Angourakis-2023: Simulation in the age of machine learning
No full textPresentation for CAA 2023 Annual Meeting in Amsterdam (3-6 April 2023).
CAA Annual Meeting 2023 page: https://2023.caaconference.org/
Prepared with reveal.js (see https://revealjs.com/)
Slides: https://andros-spica.github.io/CAA-Angourakis-2023/
Author
Andreas Angourakis
Abstract
Context
Simulation is a methodological approach that aims to improve our knowledge about real-world phenomena through experimentation on mathematical models as similes. In contrast to other mathematical models, such as those used in statistics, simulation models are designed to reproduce patterns and trends in empirical data not directly but as outcomes of postulated mechanisms under controlled conditions. While other mathematical models may involve explanations, the conjecture of causality remain outside the model formulation and will be used solely to justify or interpret their formal design. Simulation models, on the other hand, are themselves formal definitions of causal relationships, sitting in-between datasets and theory. In this sense, the many varieties of simulation are often referred to as process-based or explanatory modelling, in contrast to approaches that are data-based or descriptive, among which machine learning (ML) is currently the most promising. In terms of practice, simulation modellers take on different tasks than those of data scientists, as the workflow of the former require a model to be defined with precision, and then exploring a wide range of inputs and outputs, whereas the latter demand that the input and output is given to define a model.
Main argument
The digitalisation of statistics and the increasing computational complexity in data science has pushed simulation modelling to become a rather separate and somewhat niche community of practice. In some circles and disciplines, simulation is even regarded as a lesser and weaker methodology, given its relatively freedom towards empirical data (Winsberg 2010). However, once the differences between simulation and statistical inference are well understood, together with their strengths and limits, we can go beyond the misperception of a methodological opposition.
Regarding ML, there are many opportunities for exchange and combination that hold the potential for revolutionising our approach to scientific problems (von Rueden et al. 2020). The aim of this paper is to raise awareness of the possibilities explored or still to explore, organising them according to their role in both simulation and ML workflows, and showcasing a selection of examples of applications in archaeology and beyond:
Simulation for ML:
Simulation for the creation of training datasets
Simulation models as ML hypothesis set
Simulation models as learning algorithms
Simulation for validation of final ML hypothesis
ML for simulation:
ML for model generation
ML for model selection (e.g., Carrignon, Brughmans, and Romanowska 2020)
ML for surrogate model generation
ML for preprocessing or selecting input data
ML for pattern detection in simulation output
ML for parameter calibration and optimisation
ML as simulation model component
Implications
These and other areas of applications are not only promising for simulation and ML studies separately but carry the possibility of inaugurating a new scientific methodology, able to treat complex problems that otherwise would have been avoided as intractable or even unsolvable. As the simulation of social and socio-ecological processes are applied to archaeology and history, such a revolution could in fact make of this approach, if not a time machine, something perhaps better: a what-if machine, informed by both consolidated human knowledge and the data of numerous generations of humans in the past.
The benefits of artificial intelligence to the achievement of the UN Global Goals remain to this day mainly instrumental, as an approach that generally makes certain analytical processes more effective and faster. That is because of the characteristic semantic void behind the mathematical formulation of ML so far. However, the further combination with simulation may be able to fill this gap in the near future, helping the more consciously exploration of the solution space lying beyond the immediate imagination of current societies.
References
Carrignon, Simon, Tom Brughmans, and Iza Romanowska. 2020. 'Tableware Trade in the Roman East: Exploring Cultural and Economic Transmission with Agent-Based Modelling and Approximate Bayesian Computation'. Edited by Sergi Lozano. PLOS ONE 15 (11): e0240414. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240414.
Rueden, Laura von, Sebastian Mayer, Rafet Sifa, Christian Bauckhage, and Jochen Garcke. 2020. 'Combining Machine Learning and Simulation to a Hybrid Modelling Approach: Current and Future Directions'. In Advances in Intelligent Data Analysis XVIII, edited by Michael R. Berthold, Ad Feelders, and Georg Krempl, 12080:548–60. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44584-3_43.
Winsberg, Eric. 2010. Science in the Age of Computer Simulation. University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226902050.001.0001
Carles Porta. 20 años de imagen gráfica del Animac
No full text[EN] NIMAC celebrates its 20th anniversary, and from the beginning, Carles Porta signed the festival’s graphic image. From an interview with the author, we dive into in the evolution of the festival and the challenges it brought to his work. Carles Porta, author of the amazing posters and bumpers for the festival, talks about this project that has allowed him to reinvent himself at each edition.[ES] Animac cumple 20 años y, desde sus inicios, Carles Porta ha firmado la imagen gráfica del festival. A partir de una entrevista con el autor, nos sumergimos en la evolución del festival y en los retos que ha supuesto para su trabajo. Carles Porta, autor de los fantásticos carteles y cortinillas de la muestra, nos habla de este proyecto que le ha permitido reinventarse en cada edición.
Guardar / Salir Siguiente >Álvarez Sarrat, S. (2016). Carles Porta. 20 años de imagen gráfica del Animac. Con A de Animación. (6):22-28. https://doi.org/10.4995/caa.2016.4786SWORD2228
Benefits and obstacles: factors affecting the uptake of CAA in undergraduate courses
No full textThis short paper introduces and outlines a piece of research investigating the
use of Computer Assisted Assessment (CAA) with undergraduate students, in
order to identify the benefits of CAA as well the perceived obstacles to its
adoption. It is hoped that ultimately this research will be able to inform the
future use of CAA at undergraduate level, especially in blended learning
environments. This research is currently in progress at the University of
Bradford as part of the author’s PhD and feeding into the university’s
Pathfinder project into e-assessment. The author hopes to be able to take
advantage of the 11th International CAA conference to raise various issues
related to this research project with his professional colleagues in order to
receive feedback; this should enable decisions to be made on progress to
date and inform how the research project may be developed in future
Towards Overset LES for Aeroacoustic Source Prediction
No full textIn this contribution an application of a computational aeroacoustics code (CAA) as a hybrid Zonal DNS tool is presented. The here used hybrid approach is based on a novel implementation of the Non-Linear Perturbation Equations (NLPE) extended with viscous terms, denoted as overset since a perturbation analysis is performed on top of a background flow. It is found that Direct Noise Computation results of a cylinder in uniform flow show the dipolar sound radiation characteristic as well as the expected decay of sound pressure level with distance. The extension to LES is illustrated with isotropic decaying turbulence, where the expected -5/3 slope of the reference DNS data is recovered with the LES employing the classical Smagorinsky model
Uncertainty of noise porediction in case of flow over a over forward-facing step
No full textThe demand of development and application of computational aeroacoustic (CAA) prediction tools for turbulence related noise is increasing to overcome the future requirements of low noise design. Fast and accurate prediction methods are necessary to be integrated into early design processes. Several numerical and experimental studies show that the complex flow physics even of simple geometries is still not fully understood. A great interest is the identification and quantification of noise sources. Hence, immense effort has to be spent for a detailed investigation of the capability of experimental and numerical methods with respect to industrial applications. In this context the uncertainty analysis of aeroacoustic computation is a key issue for the evaluation of low-noise design
Student views of formative and summative CAA
No full textOver the past two years students taking two biology modules at the University of Derby
have been assessed using computer assessments with TRIADs (Tripartite Interactive
Assessment Delivery System) in both their formal end of module examinations and for
scored formative assessments. We were keen to establish the student views of the use
of computer assessment and thus over this period in addition to the overall evaluation
of the modules the students were also given the opportunity to evaluate these
assessments. In the first instance an open ended approach was taken, and students
were given the opportunity to anonymously write comments on the computer
examinations. The results of this were encouraging in that only a minority of students
(~5%) made non-positive comments on CAA with the majority of students being very
positive on their CAA experiences. In addition a range of useful comments in relation to
the application of CAA were provided by students, pertaining to comparability with
traditional examinations and student learning strategy these are also discussed.
However, the results of this initial evaluation though interesting were largely qualitative
and left us with a number of areas which we did not have any useful information. We
also wished to gain some information on the student perceptions on the validity of the
assessment in terms of its level of difficulty and its relation to the content of the course.
Thus a questionaire was constructed which measured student views of the structure,
clarity, difficulty of the assessment (as well as their overall opinion). This was then
delivered to students at the end of a scored formative assessment on Mendelian
genetics and their formal module examination both produced using TRIADs. Thus the
opinion of students on computer based formative exercises and computer based
terminal examinations could be compared. Statistical analysis of the data from the
questionnaires has revealed that students thought both types of assessments to be well
structured, fair, clear and well matched to the content of the course. However, the
examination although scoring at a similar level in other categories, was seen as more
difficult by students (which was evident from the grades).
In addition to these quantitative measures, students were also offered the opportunity to
make any additional comments regarding the assessment. This allowed specific
problem questions to be identified, which provided extra information for the post test
DIF analysis.
The author suggests that use of assessment questionnaires of this type can aid both
the tutor and the student in the evaluation of the learning process.
http://www.derby.ac.uk/ciad
Probabilistic risk assessment modelling for passenger aircraft fire safety
No full textThis thesis describes the development
of a computer simulation model
for the
investigation
of airliner
fire
accident safety.
The
aim of the work
has been to create a computer-based analysis tool that generates
representative aircraft accident scenarios and then simulates their outcome
in terms of
passenger injuries
and
fatalities. The details
of the accident scenarios are
formulated
to closely match the type of events that are
known to have
occurred
in
aircraft
accidents over the last 40
years.
This information has been obtained
by
compiling a
database
and undertaking
detailed
analysis of approximately
200
airliner
fire
accidents. In
addition to utilising
historical data, the modelling work
has incorporated
many of the key findings
obtained
from
experimental research undertaken
by the
world's air safety community.
An
unusual
feature of the simulation process is that all critical aspects of the accident
scenario have been analysed and catered for in the formative
stages of the programme
development. This has
enabled complex effects, such as cabin crash
disruption,
impact trauma injuries, fire
spread, smoke
incapacitation
and passenger evacuation to
be
simulated
in
a
balanced and
integrated manner.
The
study
is intended to further the general appreciation and understanding of the
complex events that lead to fatalities in
aircraft
fire
accidents.
This is
achieved
by
analysing all contributory
factors that are
likely to arise
in
real
fire
accident scenarios
and undertaking quantitative risk assessment through the use of novel simulation
methods. Future development
of the research could potentially enable the undertaking
of a systematic exploration and appraisal of the effectiveness of
both
current and
future
aircraft
fire
safety policies
Todo se conecta, lo real es irreal y lo irreal real: Contact
No full text[EN] This review is a cinematic reflection about the concepts from the film Contact (2017), by the Italian director — based in Barcelona — Alessandro Novelli; a short film with a deep symbolism based on the original perception of its author, the perception of the world that surrounds him. It is not a narrative short film, but rather an intertwined union of ideas in an artfully poetic audiovisual piece, and with strong principles to awake the awareness of the audience. Filmmaker Silvia Carpizo has written this review from her perspective as a spectator, with her vision as a filmmaker, and also with the free collaborative vision of Novelli.[ES] Este artículo es una reflexión cinematográfica de los conceptos que se encuentran en el cortometraje Contact (2017), del realizador italiano Alessandro Novelli, residente en Barcelona, cortometraje de gran profundidad simbólica, basado en la percepción original del mismo autor, del mundo que lo rodea. No es un cortometraje narrativo, sino una unión entrelazada de ideas en una obra audiovisual de estética artísticamente poética y con fuertes principios de concienciación para los espectadores. En esta ocasión, la realizadora Silvia Carpizo nos ha ofrecido su visión de este cortometraje como espectadora, como realizadora de cine de animación, y con la franca visión colaborativa de Novelli.Carpizo De Diego, S. (2018). Todo se conecta, lo real es irreal y lo irreal real: Contact. Con A de Animación. (8):14-20. https://doi.org/10.4995/caa.2018.9635SWORD1420
Tay-Pi's dreams. Rediscovering the animated musical revue
No full text[EN] This paper analyzes the film Sueños de Tay Pi (1951), directed by Franz Winterstein for the production company Balet y Blay, as a result of the recent showing of a copy preserved in the Spanish Filmoteca. Comparing this version with two unpublished documents such as the original treatment and the technical script by Winterstein s, we can assess the differences between versions and the personal intentions of the author, who encountered numerous production difficulties. We will also verify that the film did have a commercial distribution, contrary to what was thought. All this allows us to reconsider an unusual work that, despite the aforementioned problems, tried to open new paths in Spanish animated cinema, with a risky and modern proposal.[ES] Este artículo analiza la película Sueños de Tay Pi (1951), dirigida por Franz Winterstein para la productora Balet y Blay, a raíz de la reciente proyección de una copia conservada en Filmoteca Española. Comparando esta versión con dos documentos inéditos como el tratamiento original y el guion técnico de Winterstein podemos valorar las diferencias entre versiones y las intenciones personales del autor, que se encontró con numerosas dificultades de producción. También comprobaremos que la película sí tuvo una distribución comercial, contrariamente a lo que se pensaba. Todo ello nos permite reconsiderar una obra insólita que a pesar de los problemas referidos intentó abrir caminos nuevos en el cine de animación español, con una propuesta arriesgada y moderna.Mendíbil Blanco, Á. (2023). Sueños de Tay-Pi. Redescubriendo la revista musical de animación. Con A de animación. (16):120-138. https://doi.org/10.4995/caa.2023.18087OJS12013816ANDRÉS BAILÓN, Sergio de, 2016. Estudios sobre la influencia de la canción popular en el proceso de creación de música incidental. Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca.BENDAZZI, Giannalberto y DE LA ROSA, Emilio, 2003. Cartoons: 110 años de cine de animación, Madrid: Ocho y medio.CANDEL, José María, 1993. Historia del dibujo animado español. Murcia: Filmoteca Regional.COMAS, Ángel, FORN, Josep Maria 2005. Diccionari de llargmetratges: el cinema a Catalunya durant la Segona República, la Guerra Civil i el franquisme (1930-1975), Valls, Tarragona: Cossetània Edicions.COSTA, Jordi, 2010. Películas clave del cine de animación, Barcelona: Robinbook.CRUSELLS, Magí, 2008. Directores de cine en Cataluña: de la A a la Z, Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona.ERO, 1962. “La calle y su mundo: El taller destruido”, en La Vanguardia Española, 5 de mayo de 1962, p. 20.GONZÁLEZ GARCÍA, Fernando, 2013. "Exiliados judíos del Tercer Reich en el cine español: 1933-1936 / Jews in Exile from the 3rd Reich in the Spanish Cinema: 1933-1936", en Secuencias. 0 (37), pp. 9-33.MANZANERA, María, 1992. Cine de animación en España: largometrajes 1945-1985, Murcia: Universidad, Secretariado de Publicaciones.NADAL I ROVIRA, Nuria, 2012. “De Garbancito de la Mancha a Los sueños de Tay-Pi. Una aproximación al cine de animación español producido por Balet y Blay”, en Con A de animación, nº 2, 2012, pp. 119-133. https://doi.org/10.4995/caa.2012.1056PARDELL TERRADÉ, Pepita, 2015. Memorias, Girona: texto inédito archivado en el Museu del Cinema.WINTERSTEIN, Franz, 1948. Oh, mi Karai-Kini: la revista de la jungla, Madrid: texto inédito archivado en la Biblioteca Nacional, T/35924.WINTERSTEIN, Franz, 1951. Sueños de Tay-Pi. Guion técnico, Madrid: texto inédito archivado en el Archivo General de la Administración, AGA 36 – 03419
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