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Analisis Respon Spektrum Pada Perpanjangan Lengan Girder Ship Unloader Crane
Get PDFPermasalahan utama yang terjadi di PLTU Sukabumi adalah terhambatnya pasokan batubara yang dikarenakan muatan yang dapat diangkut oleh kapal tongkang relatif kecil. Pembangkit listrik tenaga uap berencana untuk meningkatkan pengiriman pasokan batubara dengan menggunakan kapal vessel kapasitas 40,000 DWT. Kapal vessel dengan kapasitas 40,000 DWT memiliki ketahanan terhadap ombak besar jika dibandingkan dengan kapal tongkang dengan kapasitas 12,000 DWT. Kapal vessel memiliki lebar yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kapal tongkang sehingga Jetty perlu diperkuat agar mampu disandari oleh kapal vessel. Oleh karena itu jetty mengalami pelebaran kearah laut. Penambahan lebar pada jetty dan besarnya lebar kapal vessel mengakibatkan ship unloader crane tidak dapat menjangkau titik pemindahan. Ship unloader crane perlu dilakukan peningkatan berupa extensi girder agar dapat mencapai titik pemindahan. Ekstensi girder dapat mempengaruhi performa dari SUC, maka dari itu sangat diperlu dilakukan analisis kekuatan struktur crane terhadap beban maksimal operasi.
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui ketahanan crane pada beban operasi terhadap gempa yang terjadi. Pemodelan 3D dilakukan menggunakan blueprint kondisi existing dan menambah panjang lengan girder boom crane, terdapat 3 variasi panjang lengan. Panjang lengan 3 meter, 6 meter, dan 9 meter. Simulasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan software Ansys Workbench Respon Spectrum. Analisa Modal dilakukan untuk mendefinisikan goyangan fundamental. Selanjutnya memberikan beban gempa pada simulasi Respon Spectrum.
Kedua metode mampu membuktikan bahwa crane mampu menahan gempa sebesar 2,07 MN setara dengan 5,68 SR pada static ekivalen, dan grafik respon spektrum 2,5g-2,8g dibuktikan dengan tidak adanya gaya reaksi pada tumpuan yang bernilai 0 atau bernilai negatif.
Beban gempa dengan input respon spektrum jenis tanah lunak mempunyai potensi beban tertinggi dilihat dari deformasi dan gaya reaksi yang dihasilkan. Kedua adalah jenis tanah sedang, berikutnya tanah keras, dan yang potensi paling kecil beban gempanya adalah batuan. Besarnya ekstensi yang ditambahkan mengakibatkan berkurangnya ketahanan SU crane terhadap gempa. Perlu dilakukan penguatan struktur pada struktur support boom, karena pada bagian ini stress meningkat secara signifikan.
Kata kunci: Ship Unloader Crane, Respon Spektrum, Statik Ekivalen, Gempa
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The steam power plant plans to increase coal supply shipments using vessels with a capacity of 40,000 DWT. A vessel with a capacity of 40,000 DWT has resistance to big waves when compared to a barge with a capacity of 12,000 DWT. A vessel has a larger width than a barge. The jetty needs to be strengthened so that it can be berthed by vessels, therefore the jetty is expanding towards the sea. The increase in the width of the jetty and the width of the vessel resulted in the ship unloader crane being unable to reach the moving point. Ship unloader cranes need to be increased in the form of girder extensions to reach the moving point. Girder extension can affect the performance of SUC; therefore, it is very necessary to analyze the strength of the crane structure against the maximum operating load.
This research was conducted to determine the resistance of the crane to the operating load against the earthquake that occurred. 3D modeling is done using a blueprint of the existing conditions and increasing the length of the boom crane girder arm, there are 3 variations of the arm length. Arm length of 3 meters, 6 meters, and 9 meters. The simulation was performed using Ansys Workbench Response Spectrum software. Capital analysis is performed to define fundamental sway. Furthermore, giving earthquake loads in the Response Spectrum simulation.
Both methods are able to prove that the crane is able to withstand an earthquake of 2.07 MN which is equivalent to 5.68 SR in the static equivalent, and the response spectrum graph of 2.5g-2.8g is proven by the absence of a reaction force on the pedestal which is 0 or negative.
Earthquake loads with the input response spectrum for soft soil types have the highest load potential seen from the deformation and reaction force generated. The second is medium soil type, then hard soil, and the one with the smallest potential for earthquake load is rock. The added size of the extension resulted in reduced earthquake resistance of the SU crane. It is necessary to strengthen the structure of the boom support structure, because in this part the stress increases significantly.
Keywords: Ship Unloader Crane, Response Spectrum, Static Equivalent, Earthquake
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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