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The Doctrine of Logos Within Ibn ‘Arabi Mystical Philosophy
Get PDFThere are no less than twenty-two terms which Ibn ‘Arabi uses to designate what one might call a Mohammedan Logos. References to these terms, with explanations, will be given later. The reason, why we find Ibn‘Arabi using such a large collection of terms for one thing, is twofold. In the first place, it is due to the fact that he derived his material from so many divergent sources, preserving, so far as possible, the terminology of each source. Here, e.g., he is using terms borrowed from Sufis, scholastic theologians, Neo-platonists, the Qur’an and so on. Secondly, his pantheism enables him to use the name of anything for the One Reality which is the ultimate ground of all things. The terms to below refer to different aspects of the One Reality which is now regarded as the Logos.[Tidak kurang dari sekitar 22 istilah yang digunakan oleh Ibn ‘Arabi untuk merujuk apa yang disebut sebagai “logos Muhammad”. Beberapa referensi bagi istilah tersebut dengan penjelasannya akan dijelaskan berikutnya. Terdapat dua alasan utama yang menjadikan Ibn ‘Araby menggunakan puluhan istilah untuk menyebut hal yang sama. Pertama, dikarenakan adanya fakta bahwa ia mengambil seluruh material dari berbagai macam sumber dan sebisa mungkin mempertahankan istilah dari masing-masing sumber. Dalam hal ini, ia meminjam istilah dari kelompok sufi, teolog skolastik, neo-platonis, al-Qur ’an dan yang lainnya. Kedua, panteisme-nya memungkinkan untuk memakai beragam nama sesuatu bagi satu realitas yang menjadi pusat dari segala sesuatu. Istilah-istilah yang begitu banyak merupakan aspek-aspek yang berbeda dari Realitas Yang Satu yang kini dipandang sebagai Logos.
KRITISISME KANT: RELEVANSINYA BAGI TEOLOGI ISLAM DAN KEMISKINAN
No full textPoverty is the real phenomena within Indonesian Muslim communities. In order to be actual, Islamic Theology should give the answer to this real problem within ummah i.e. the problem of poverty. The question is could the theology to answer the problem of poverty? This research tries to reflect to Criticism developed by Immanuel Kant. By its criticism Kant successfully answer the question whether the metaphysics as a science is possible? However finally Kant tends to reject the validity of the metaphysics as a science, he still accepts the principle of synthesis a priori as a mode of science. In order to make Islamic Theology discourses could answer the problem of poverty, the Islamic Theology should learn from Kant criticism project. The Islamic Theology should move from a priory approach to synthetic a priory approach. Because without the support of historical-empirical approach in the social sciences, the a priori-ahistoris character of lslamic Theology toward social facts will never able to answer the problem ofpoverty within Indonesian Muslim communities
Dekonstruksi soteriologis Buddhisme Madhyamaka :: Telaah filsafat kontemporer terhadap Mulamadhyamakakarika dari Nagarjuna
No full textTEORI KAUSALITAS ARISTOTELIAN
Get PDFAbstract
Causality is a fundamental concept in philosophy because it is important for understanding how things work in the world. The concept of four causes in Aristotle\u27s philosophy, namely material, formal, efficient, and final causes, has an important role in the development of Islamic philosophy. This article will only focus on Aristotle\u27s view as a starting point in the Physics and Metaphysics, especially those that explicitly discuss the problems of the four causes. The results are as follows: material cause (causa materialis) is the matter or physical substance from which an object or things are made. It is an important component of the nature of things, but is not sufficient on its own to explain the full nature of an object or phenomenon. Formal cause (causa formalis) is the special patterns, designs, or arrangements that give something an identity and determine its characteristic properties and behavior. It is a cause that helps us understand the intent or purpose of an object or phenomenon. Efficient cause (causa efficient) is agent or process that produce changes or movements in an object or phenomenon. It is the causes that help us understand the behavior and development of objects and phenomena. The final cause (causa finalis) is the purpose, end or purpose of an object or phenomenon, which gives it direction and meaning. It is cause that helps us understand the nature of things, and is important for understanding the purpose or inherent purpose of objects and phenomena.
Keyword: Aristotelian cause; material causes; formal cause; cause efficient; final cause
Abstrak
Kausalitas adalah konsep fundamental dalam filsafat karena penting untuk memahami bagaimana sesuatu bekerja di dunia. Konsep empat sebab dalam filsafat Aristoteles, yaitu sebab material, formal, efisien, dan final, memiliki peran penting dalam perkembangan filsafat Islam. Tulisan hanya akan memfokuskan diri pada pandangan Aristoteles sebagai titik pijakan dalam teks Physics dan Metaphysics terutama yang secara eksplisit membahas masalah empat kausa tersebut. Hasilnya adalah sebagai berikut: penyebab material (causa materialis) adalah materi atau substansi fisik yang darinya suatu objek atau benda dibuat. Ini adalah komponen penting dari sifat benda, tetapi tidak cukup dengan sendirinya untuk menjelaskan sifat penuh dari suatu objek atau fenomena. Penyebab formal (causa formalis) adalah pola, desain, atau pengaturan khusus yang memberikan identitas pada sesuatu dan menentukan sifat dan perilaku karakteristiknya. Ini adalah penyebab yang membantu kita memahami maksud atau tujuan dari suatu objek atau fenomena. Penyebab efisien (causa efficient) adalah agen atau proses yang menghasilkan perubahan atau pergerakan pada suatu objek atau fenomena. Ini adalah penyebab yang membantu kita memahami perilaku dan perkembangan objek dan fenomena. Penyebab final (causa finalis) adalah maksud, akhir atau tujuan dari suatu objek atau fenomena, yang memberinya arah dan makna. Ini adalah penyebab yang membantu kita memahami sifat benda, dan penting untuk memahami tujuan atau tujuan inheren dari objek dan fenomena.
Kata kunci: Kausa Aristotelian; sebab material; sebab formal; sebab efisien; sebab fina
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Soteriologi Buddhis: Jalan Arhat dan Jalan Boddhisattva
Get PDFSoteriology is a branch of theology that studies salvation which provides a framework for understanding how individuals can achieve spiritual liberation and offers guidance on how to live a good life. The specific beliefs and practices associated with them may vary between different religions, but the concept of salvation is a common thread that exists across many religions. Soteriology is important in Buddhism because it provides a framework for attaining liberation from suffering and the cycle of rebirth. The ultimate goal of Buddhism is to attain Nirvāna, the state of complete liberation from suffering. The Catvāri Āryasatyānī (Four Noble Truths), Āryāṣṭānga mārga (Noble Eightfold Path), and other Buddhist teachings all contribute to the Buddhist soteriological framework. Hinayāna and Mahāyāna are two main branches of Buddhism that have different approaches to soteriology. The goal of Hinayāna soteriology is to attain the state of an Arhat, a state of complete personal liberation from suffering and rebirth. While Mahāyāna has the Bodhisattva concept. The ultimate aim of Mahāyāna soteriology is to attain Buddhahood, the state of perfect enlightenment, and use that attainment for the benefit of all sentient beings. They provide guidance for practitioners to develop ethical conduct, wisdom, and mindfulness to advance on the path to liberation
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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