1,361,253 research outputs found
Dr Elsie Widdowson CH FRS in interview with Sir Gordon Wolstenholme
No full textIn this interview recorded shortly before her ninetieth birthday, Dr Elsie Widdowson talks of an early interest in zoology at school in Sydenham, London, and an undergraduate course in chemistry and postgraduate studies in plant physiology at Imperial College, London. She acknowledges the important influence of her PhD supervisor, Helen Archbold. She then discusses a move to the Courtauld Institute at the Middlesex Hospital in 1932 to work on human biochemistry with Professor E C Dodds, followed by her enrolment in 1933 on a postgraduate course in dietetics at King's College of Household and Social Science. She goes on to talk of a first encounter with Robert McCance that led to a scientific partnership lasting sixty years. Dr Widdowson discusses their work on food analysis, the compilation of food tables, and the publication in 1940 of the first edition of their book 'The Chemical Composition of Foods'. The discussion then moves to work by McCance and Widdowson on infant feeding, started at King's and resumed after the war following a move to Cambridge in 1938. Two major studies undertaken during the war are described: an experimental study of rationing, in which Andrew Huxley participated, and an investigation of the effect of high extraction flour on the absorption of calcium. Dr Widdowson speaks of post-war work in Germany, including an MRC sponsored three-year study of severely undernourished adults, and a study of bread in the diet of children. She then outlines her work with experimental animals following her return to England, in particular studies on low-weight pigs. There follows some discussion of nutritional diseases in the developing world, in particular kwashiorkor and marasmus in Uganda. After returning to the subject of infant feeding, the interview concludes with reflection on a long career with varied research interests, and a final tribute to the late Professor Robert McCance
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Representational risks associated with interview-based animated documentaries.
No full textThis article provides an analysis of representational issues associated with interview-based animated documentary productions directed by non-autistic filmmakers, attempting to represent one or more autistic participants. The article draws insights from three case studies: A Is for Autism (Webb 1992), An Alien in the Playground (Glynne 2009) and the author's own practice-based research film, Drawing on Autism (Widdowson 2021). Drawing insights from psychoanalysis, film theory and ethnography, the article will examine animated documentary practice in terms of the risks of Othering participants, look for evidence of the filmmaker's unconscious bias and consider how the cinematic gaze can be used to decode ideological systems that informed their construction. From this analysis, the author reaches the conclusion that the properties of documentaries, that rely on animation rather than live-action cinematography, present a specific set of ethical responsibilities that skew towards issues of representation
As noções de discurso para Widdowson e Fairclough
No full textA noção de discurso não é hegemônica, sendo objeto de divergência entre muitos autores como, por exemplo, Widdowson e Fairclough (Widdowson,1995, 1996; Fairclough, 1996). Isto se deve pela diferente concepção de linguagem com a qual eles trabalham. É sob essa dissensão, que anuncio de imediato o ponto central a ser tematizado neste trabalho: explicitar alguns pontos centrais que definem a visão de discurso para Widdowson e Fairclough, com base na analítica foucaultiana de poder, comparando as diferentes abordagens da linguagem.Palavras-chave: discurso, linguagem, poder, Widdowson, Faircloug
Tertiary palaeosurfaces of the SW Deccan, Western India: implications for passive margin uplift
No full textTwo genetically distinct lateritized palaeosurfaces of different ages are recognized in the southwest Deccan Traps region of Western India using a combination of geochemical, topographical, and satellite image data. The Deccan Traps were erupted at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (c. 65 Ma), and comprise a huge area of originally near-horizontal basalt lavas covering much of northwest Peninsular India, and topographically forming the coast-parallel Western Ghats escarpment and elevated Maharashtra plateau to the east.
Remnants of the older, palaeosurface currently exist as a series of isolated, laterite-capped plateaux forming the highest elevations along the Western Ghats (15°30'–18°15' N). This surface is of late Cretaceous-early Tertiary age, and originally developed upon flows which lay at, or near to, the top of the lava sequence. This lateritization phase was terminated by a period of uplift and extensive erosion in lower- to mid-Tertiary times during which the low-lying, low-relief coastal (Konkan) plain developed through the eastward recession of the Ghats scarpline. A second phase of lateritisation occurred upon this coastal pediplain during mid- to late Tertiary times. Since the earlier uplift had gently deformed the lava pile prior to the development of the pedimented surface, the low-level Konkian laterite lies with marked angular unconformity upon the lava stratigraphy. Both surfaces have been subject to further large-scale distortion resulting from continuing uplift effects.
Development and evolution of these Deccan palaeosurfaces is important since together they provide a record of uplift effects in western India. Moreover, they offer a datum against which the uplift erosional history may be further constrained and demonstrate that uplift effects have acted upon the Indian margin throughout the Tertiary. Since such longevity of uplift is difficult to reconcile with the commonly cited thermal and dynamic post-rift mechanisms known to act upon passive margins, the morphological and structural evolution of the rifted Deccan margin is better described in terms of denudational isostasy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
TA Treatment of Depression: A Hermeneutic Single-Case Efficacy Design Study - 'Sara'
No full textThis study is the first of a series of three, and represents an Italian systematic replication of previous UK findings (Widdowson 2012a, 2012b, 2012c, 2013) that investigated the effectiveness of a recently manualised transactional analysis treatment for depression with British clients, using Hermeneutic Single-Case Efficacy Design (HSCED). The various stages of HSCED as a systematic case study research method are described, as a quasi-judicial method to sift case evidence in which researchers construct opposing arguments around quantitative and qualitative multiple source evidences and judges evaluate these for and against propositions to conclude whether the client changed substantially over the course of therapy and that the outcome was attributable to the therapy. The therapist in this case was a white Italian woman with 10 years clinical experience and the client, Sara, was a 62-year old white Italian woman with moderate depression and three recent bereavements, who attended sixteen sessions of transactional analysis therapy. The diagnosis is based on the new DSM-5 criteria that allow differentiation between Depression and Bereavement. The conclusion of the judges was that this was a good-outcome case: the client improved early over the course of the therapy, reported positive experience of therapy and maintained the improvement at the end of the follow-up
TA treatment of depression: A hermeneutic single-case efficacy design study - ‘Caterina’
No full textThis study is the second of a series of seven, and belongs to the second Italian systematic replication of findings from two previous series (Widdowson 2012a, 2012b, 2012c, 2013; Benelli, 2016a, 2016b, 2016c) that investigated the effectiveness of a manualised transactional analysis treatment for depression through Hermeneutic Single-Case Efficacy Design. The therapist was a white Italian woman with 10 years of clinical experience and the client, Caterina, was a 28-year old white Italian woman who attended 16 sessions of transactional analysis psychotherapy. Caterina satisfied DSM-5 criteria for major depressive disorder with generalized anxiety disorder. The conclusion of the judges was that this was an outstanding good-outcome case: the depressive symptoms showed an early clinical and reliable improvement, maintained till the 6 months follow-up, accompanied by reductions in anxiety symptoms, global distress and severity of personal problems. Adherence to the manualised treatment for depression appears good to excellent. In this case study, transactional analysis treatment for depression has proven its efficacy in treating major depressive disorder in comorbidity with anxiety disorder
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