18 research outputs found
Rattan cane harvesting in Lambusango forest, Buton, Indonesia: a sustainable practice or a threat to forest conservation?
No full textLambusango forest, Buton, Indonesia, houses the endemic and rare fauna species of Anoa (Bubalus depressicornis). It is also an important site for NTFP extraction. The most important NTFP is rattan cane (Calamus and Daemonorops), which is a common material for furniture and handicraft industries. The extraction has long taken place and is entirely manual harvesting of wild rattan canes by local villagers. With growing concerns about deforestation and forest encroachment in the tropics, NTFP extraction has been conceived as a means to balance forest conservation with the needs of local economies. However, the sustainability of rattan cane harvesting in Lambusango forest is unknown. This research assesses the extent of forest disturbance in Lambusango and its major forest-based livelihood activity: rattan cane harvesting. Assessments are undertaken to investigate the key factors affecting harvesting levels and to determine whether the current practice is sustainable. Sustainability assessments take into account resource sustainability, impacts on forest structure and economic importance to the harvesters. Forest loss to agricultural uses has mostly taken place in the forest peripheries while the core forest area shows much less change than other zones and there has also been some regeneration. The study area shows levels of woody biomass within the common range of tropical rainforests. Effects of natural factors on rattan plants and forest vegetation were assessed. Abundance and distribution of rattans are not influenced by natural factors of slope and light regime while soil pH has an effect on abundance of Calamus ornatus. It was found that tree species richness and diversity are affected primarily by topographical factors and the woody biomass and size of trees are slightly affected by soil factors. There is no significant evidence of an association between variations in tree and vegetation structure and variations in rattan abundance and presence. Harvest quantity is affected by natural factors such as terrain and accessibility, although they become less influential where the resource is abundant. Forestry laws enforced through the designated forest zone system (kawasan hutan) do not significantly affect levels of harvesting. Demographic and socioeconomic factors only marginally influence the economic importance of cane harvesting. There is some indication that more profitable, more intensive and less rigorous livelihood activities are favoured by some harvesters, making them less rattan dependent. Harvesting was found to impact understorey vegetation density and tree regeneration. A combination of natural competition and anthropogenic factors adversely affect tree-stem density. Maintaining a low level of harvesting can ensure resource sustainability. Two conceptual scenarios for the future of cane harvesting in Lambusango forest are discussed: sustainable harvesting and non-forest-based livelihoods. With a long-standing and important forest extraction activity such as rattan cane harvesting, sustainable harvesting is one pathway that can contribute to local livelihoods. Because evidence showed that only minimal impacts have occurred on forest structure and a sustainable harvest level can be maintained, efforts towards sustainable practice should be supported. Sustainable rattan cane extraction may work in combination with the ongoing efforts for sustainable management of Lambusango forest, such as those initiated by Lambusango Forest Conservation Programme (LFCP) and other potential schemes such as development of rattan agroforestry, certified NTFP and incentive-based mechanisms for forest protection
Impacts of rattan cane harvesting on vegetation structure and tree diversity of Conservation Forest in Buton, Indonesia
No full textLambusango Forest, Buton, Indonesia, is an example of the potential for conflict between forest conservation and long standing local extraction of Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs), in this case rattan cane harvesting. This paper investigates the impacts of rattan harvesting on tree and understorey vegetation structure, species richness and diversity. Tree and understorey vegetation characteristics and soil and topographic variables were recorded in forest plots. Interviews with rattan harvesters recorded information on harvesting techniques and locations. The relationships between tree and understorey vegetation characteristics and soils, topography and rattan harvesting techniques were assessed with the multivariate ordination technique of Redundancy Analysis (RDA). Analysis of the relationships with rattan harvesting proximity and forest designation zone used Multivariate Analyses of Covariance (MANCOVA). Tree species richness and diversity are primarily affected by slope gradient and altitude, while tree size is affected mainly by soil chemical factors. Only a small part of the variation in tree structure measures can be attributed to the impacts of rattan cane harvesting. Stronger adverse effects on understorey vegetation density, including tree saplings and seedlings, were found. This is thought to be a case of rattan harvesting exacerbating the effects of competition between rattan plants and other understorey vegetation. Longer term monitoring of forest characteristics could provide stronger understanding of the impacts. However, rattan harvesting appears to have little effect on forest structure and diversity in Lambusango Forest, suggesting that relatively small scale NTFP extraction does not necessarily conflict with forest conservation
The implementation of biological monitoring working party average score per taxon (BMWP-ASPT) in a water quality analysis at Kalibokor drainage in Surabaya region
No full textAccessibility Factors and Conservation Forest Designation Affecting Rattan Cane Harvesting in Lambusango Forest, Buton, Indonesia
No full textRattan cane is an important non-timber forest product (NTFP) harvested from Indonesian tropical forests. However, the extraction of NTFPs such as rattan cane may conflict with forest conservation efforts. A better understanding of harvesting practices can help assess the extent of this conflict and guide forest management decisions. This study assesses the accessibility factors that influence rattan cane harvesting levels in Lambusango Forest, Buton Island, Indonesia, and whether the harvesting of rattan cane is affected by the designation of conservation areas. To this end, the analysis adopts participatory mapping, Geographic Information Systems and a questionnaire survey and employs multiple regressions and analysis of covariance. The results show that accessibility, particularly slope and distance, can play a role in the quantity of rattan cane harvested. However, the presence of conservation forest does not significantly affect rattan cane harvesting levels. This could be due to limited awareness of the harvesters going to the vicinity of the designated conservation areas and mixed sentiments towards conservation efforts due to the long tradition of forest dwelling and harvesting activities. The study concludes that the successful establishment and management of conservation areas require consideration of the specificity of the local context such as the abundance of forest resources, accessibility and historical forest-people interactions, in addition to biological factors
Role of Culture in Rural Transformation in Manding Village, Bantul Yogyakarta, Indonesia
No full textAbstractManding, rural areas previously dominated by agricultural activities, transformed into a region of small craft industry, and rural tourism. The transformation process was driven by the desire to grow, while in the case of Manding the process was initially hindered by the prevailing tradition in the community. This study aimed to explore the role of culture in transformation process. The case study research was applied to illustrate the unique case of transformation from the traditional rural area into rural with industrial activity and to explore why and how cultures took place in such process including the rural-urban linkage
Positive and negative politeness strategies used by Judy Hopps and Nick Wilde in Zootopia Movie
No full textThis study aims to analyze the positive and negative politeness strategies applied by Judy Hopps and Nick Wilde in the Zootopia movie. There are three problem statements that must be answered in this research: (1) What types of positive politeness strategies are used by Judy Hopps and Nick Wilde in the Zootopia movie. (2) What kind of negative politeness is used by Judy Hopps and Nick Wilde in the Zootopia movie. (3) What factors influence the use of positive and negative strategies by Judy Hopps and Nick Wilde in the Zootopia movie. The author uses descriptive qualitative methods and theories from Brown and Levinson (1987) to conduct this research. It is descriptive qualitative because the researcher showed the facts in analyzing the utterances of Judy Hopps and Nick Wilde in the Zootopia movie, which contains the negative and positive politeness strategy. The data analysis is then identified and classified to find what strategies are used most often. For the final result, the writer got 15 kinds of positive politeness strategies produced by Judy Hopps and Nick Wilde. The data found there were 49 times the use of this positive politeness strategy. Judy Hopps used positive strategy 33 times, and Nick Wilde used 16 times. In using positive strategies, "using group identity marker" is the top strategy used in Zootopia Movie. While in the negative strategy, the researcher finds 7 types of 10 types of negative politeness strategies. The data found there were 12 times the use of this negative strategy. Judy Hopps used negative strategies 8 times, and Nick Wilde used 4 times. In using the negative politeness strategy, Strategy 6 "apologize" is the highest strategy used in Zootopia Movie. The researcher also found factors that affect the use of positive and negative politeness strategies. These factors are divided into two; relevant circumstances and payoff. The relevant circumstances factors are divided into three types; social distance, size of imposition, and relative power. In this research, the writer found 33 payoff factors. In relevant circumstances, the researcher only found two types; there are 22 social distance factors and 6 relative power factors. It means payoff is the highest factor that affects positive and negative politeness strategies
Land and Soil Health Assessment in the Borneo-Sumatra Sentinel Landscape
No full textThe LDSF was carried out at four-100 km2 sites within the Borneo-Sumatra Sentinel Landscape: Soralangun Sarolangun (SRG) and Merangin in Sumatra lead by ICRAF and Mentebah and Batang Lupar in Kalimantan (Borneo) led by CIFOR.
The LDSF is a spatially stratified, randomized sampling design, developed to provide a biophysical baseline at landscape level and a monitoring and evaluation framework for assessing processes of land degradation and effectiveness of rehabilitation measures over time.
Measured variables include: land cover, tree and shrub densities, tree biodiversity, erosion prevalence, infiltration capacity, along with an assessment of impact to habitat and occurrence of soil conservation structures. Soil samples were also collected (320 top (0-20 cm) and sub (20-50 cm) soil samples per site) and were processed and in Indonesia. Processed samples were shipped to Nairobi and subjected to infrared spectroscopy and wet chemistry analysis. These combined data sets will be used to assess soil and ecosystem health for the landscape in more detail
Agroforestry and Forestry in Sulawesi series: Landscape Management Strategies in Sulawesi: Review of Intervention Options
No full textFairly efficient or efficiently fair: success factors and constraints of payment and reward schemes for environmental services in Asia
No full text Payment for environmental service (PES) is strictly defined as a market-based environmental policy instrument to achieve environmental protection in the most efficient way. However, an increasing body of literature shows that the prescriptive conceptualization of PES cannot be easily generalized and implemented in practice and the commodification of ecosystem services is problematic. To investigate the underlying causes, this PhD study combines a quantitative and qualitative research approach using case studies in Indonesia, the Philippines and Nepal. The empirical observations on emerging PES-mechanisms in the Asian case studies show that interdependency of fairness and efficiency should be the main consideration in designing and implementing a PES scheme in developing countries. Neither fairness nor efficiency alone should be the primary aim but an intermediate PES that is “fairly efficient and efficiently fair” may bridge the gap between PES theory and the practical implementation of PES to increase ES provision and improve livelihoods. </p
