1,721,053 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Quantifying the impact of policies addressing sustainable and healthy diets
Full text linkThere is increasing concern regarding the sustainability of global food production. It is unclear whether sustainable diets are healthy diets, and vice versa. The UK Government has declared its intention to achieve sustainable food procurement, but it is unclear whether this would lead to healthier foods provided in the public sector. In this thesis, I developed a method to quantify simultaneously the nutritional impact and carbon footprint of policies addressing sustainable and healthy diets using the primary school meals sector in England as an example. I systematically reviewed the literature to produce a list of the amounts of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) in KgCO2e associated with the production of a kilogram of different foods. These data were incorporated into a nutritional database (constructed from a dietary survey) - the Primary School Food Survey (PSFS) 2009 database. This dataset contains information on meals provided by schools and packed lunches from a representative sample of primary school children in England. GHGE values of individual food items from the systematic review were used to allocate a GHGE value for each food item included in the PSFS using a novel method. I analysed this dataset to present the current status of primary school meals with both nutritional and GHGE values. This analysis showed that a higher proportion of primary school lunches are healthier than packed lunches, when healthiness is defined as meeting nutrient-based standards for school foods – 64.5% of school lunches met at least 7 of the 14 standards compared to 43.2% of the packed lunches. But the mean GHGE value associated with a school lunch was slightly higher than packed lunches. Mena value (95% uncertainty interval) of a school lunch was 0.72 (0.71 – 0.74) compared to 0.70 (0.69 -0.71) KgCO2e. Incorporating uncertainty in GHGE parameters inflated the confidence intervals considerably. Scenario analyses showed that if primary school food sector in England achieves new food-based standards (published by the School Food Plan in July 2014) the proportion of meals achieving 7 or more nutrient-based standards would increase but the standards for saturated fat, salt and free sugars would be less likely to be achieved. The carbon foot print would also go up. If we adopt a 'Meat Free Mondays' policy, the proportion of meals achieving 7 or more nutrient-based standards will increase and the carbon foot print will be reduced. In both of those scenarios the nutrient-based standards for saturated fat, salt and non-milk extrinsic sugar are less likely to be achieved. Linear programming analyses showed that to construct a primary school meal which meets specific nutrient based standards with minimum GHGE values, it is possible to achieve a 40% reduction in GHGEs. The results of this thesis can be used to guide Government efforts to achieve healthy, sustainable food provision in primary schools and other sectors. The methods developed here can improve modelling studies that consider nutritional outcomes and sustainability outcomes simultaneously, particularly with regard to incorporating uncertainty into modelling results
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
'Because the baby asks for it': a mixed-methods study on local perceptions toward nutrition during pregnancy among marginalised migrant women along the Myanmar-Thailand border
No full textBackground: under- and over-nutrition during pregnancy are known risk factors for pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy and infant outcomes. Understanding perceptions around nutrition in pregnancy can create culturally appropriate interventions for improved health outcomes.Objective: a mixed-methods study was performed to explore local perceptions and practices of diet and physical activity in pregnancy in a marginalised population along the Myanmar-Thailand border.Methods: from April to July 2017, a cross-sectional survey and focus group discussions were conducted with pregnant women reporting to antenatal care; in-depth interviews were conducted with senior midwives at participating organisations along the Myanmar-Thailand border.Results: a total of 388 pregnant women were interviewed at two clinic sites along the Myanmar-Thailand border. A high proportion of women had limited knowledge of and poor dietary practices. Consuming a sweetened drink in the last 24 hours as well as being a non-teenage, multigravida woman was significantly associated with high body mass index (BMI) compared to normal BMI. Qualitative analysis combined focus group discussions (n = 66) and in-depth interviews (n = 4) summarising emergent themes: common foods eaten or avoided and rationale; benefits of nutrition; perceptions of overweight and weight gain during pregnancy; barriers to a healthy diet; and sources of diet information.Conclusions: there is limited awareness about healthy diets and lifestyle in these marginalised, migrant communities along the Myanmar-Thailand border. This study suggests that simple, culturally appropriate messaging should be provided to women and communities with low health literacy to generate awareness about healthy lifestyles and their effects on pregnancy outcomes as an important element of a broader strategy to address maternal nutrition in this population. However, more studies to determine the effectiveness of a broad range of interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are needed, especially in marginalised migrant populations.</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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