1,720,969 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Development and characterization of a mouse model for in utero type 2 diabetes exposure
Get PDFBACKGROUND: The prevalence of childhood type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Canada, and particularly in Manitoba, is amongst the highest worldwide, resulting in an increased incidence of pregnancies complicated by T2D as children approach their reproductive years. Exposure to T2D in utero has detrimental effects on the health and well-being of offspring, including various malformations, stillbirth, congenital defects, metabolic disorders, a significantly higher predisposition to diabetes, early kidney failure, chronic low-grade inflammation, cardiovascular issues, mental health issues, and cognitive deficits. However, the mechanisms responsible for poorer health outcomes in T2D-exposed offspring and greater intergenerational risk remain unclear. To investigate the effects of maternal T2D on offspring physiology and health, an appropriate T2D mouse model is required. Existing approaches to induce T2D in mice often result in hypoinsulinemia and severe hyperglycemia, which does not accurately resemble T2D in humans. These approaches to induce T2D typically lead to offspring microsomia, whereas human offspring of T2D mothers often have macrosomia. Genetic models of T2D models either produce infertile mice or induce diabetes in males only, making it impossible to study the effects of in utero T2D exposure on offspring. Therefore, the development and characterization of an appropriate rodent model of T2D that can be used during pregnancy and more accurately resembling T2D in humans, is needed to effectively investigate the mechanisms responsible for the intergenerational transmission of T2D and mechanistic contributors to adverse health outcomes in exposed offspring.
METHODS: To develop a model of T2D pre-pregnancy, female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to a high-fat and sucrose (HFS) diet for varying durations (4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks) to induce obesity and insulin resistance. Subsequently, a one-time administration of different concentrations of streptozotocin (STZ; 75 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, or 150 mg/kg), a chemical that specifically targets and kills pancreatic β-cell, was used to impair adaptive beta cell function without completely eliminating the β-cell pool. Weekly body weight and biweekly fasted blood glucose measurements were performed on all female mice. Two weeks after the STZ injection, the mice underwent glucose metabolism assessments, including a glucose tolerance test (GTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), and weekly fasted blood glucose and body weight measurements. Control mice were fed a chow diet and injected with citrate buffer (the vehicle for STZ) and underwent metabolic assessments alongside the T2D groups. After pre-gestational metabolic assessments were completed, female mice were mated with healthy chow-fed C57BL/6J male mice. Maternal glycemia and body weight were measured during each trimester of gestation (weekly). Additionally, an HFS-only control group (no STZ) was established to determine the impact of the HFS diet alone. These mice were placed on the HFS diet for 10 weeks and then injected with vehicle (citrate buffer) and metabolically assessed.
RESULTS: The study revealed that female mice fed an HFS diet for 10 weeks prior to a 150 mg/kg STZ injection developed mild-to-moderate fasted hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and higher fasted glycemia, which was maintained throughout gestation compared to control mice, indicative of pre-existing T2D prior to pregnancy and T2D throughout pregnancy. In contrast, the HFS-only control group of mice, while showing increased body weight, developed less glucose intolerance and maintained euglycemia, suggesting that the reduction of β-cell mass via STZ was needed for T2D development in C57B6 female mice.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that through a combination of an HFS diet (10 weeks) and STZ injection (150 mg/kg of STZ), T2D that includes key features of human T2D can be generated in female C57BL6 mice while maintaining fertility. This model can be used to study the effects of in utero exposure to T2D on offspring development and function, while also identifying pathophysiological mechanisms underlying structural and functional changes. This information gained from the use of this model has the potential to contribute to various therapeutic approaches, the development of new drugs, and the adjustment of current clinical protocols, among other potential outcomes.UMGF
Supervisor's funding
Janice Dodd Prize for Excellence in Endocrine PhysiologyFebruary 202
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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