1,721,019 research outputs found
From perceptions to actions
No full textIn social disorganisation theory and the later systemic reformulations of this approach, informal social control is the most important neighbourhood mechanism for preventing and/or discouraging local incidents of crime and disorder. Yet criminology offers a ‘wide ranging and eclectic’ conceptualisation of informal social control (Bellair & Browning, 2010, p. 500). For the most part, informal social control is conceptualised as a behaviour or an action such as surveillance, working with others to solve a local problem, calling the police or levering other formal social control mechanisms (Bellair & Browning, 2010; Warner, 2007); however, many studies focus on perceived informal social control rather than actual informal social control actions. Drawing on our survey and in-depth interview data, this chapter compares and contrasts the individual, household and community-level drivers of perceptual and behavioural informal social control. We also specifically test whether or not shared expectations for informal social control lead to actual behaviours associated with problems of crime and disorder. And we consider what it means to intervene. We qualitatively explore the different ways people respond to problems and whether informal social control responses vary by problem type. Here we ask if actions associated with the control of drug use or public drinking differ from those used to prevent or control graffiti and further whether different informal social control networks (private, parochial and public) are leveraged when responding to these problems.No Full Tex
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Tipping the (Im)balance: Risk, Rehabilitation and Membership in Administrative Appeals Tribunal Decision Making for Convicted New Zealander Long Term Residents of Australia
No full textNew Zealanders are currently the largest nationality group of people deported from Australia. When a non-citizen has their visa cancelled on character grounds under Section 501 of the Migration Act (Cth) by a delegate of the Immigration Minister, they have the opportunity to appeal at the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT). AAT Members (decision makers) decide the fate of the applicant by weighing up the perceived risk of the individual to community safety against a series of mitigating factors that relate to the life the applicant has established in Australia. As a site of investigation into s501 visa cancellation decision making practice, this paper quantitatively and qualitatively examines a set of AAT visa cancellation decisions from 2015–2018 under Ministerial Direction No. 65, for 97 New Zealander long term residents. It focuses on how AAT decision makers considered and valued mitigating factors in a decision making process that is inherently imbalanced toward constructing non-citizens as a risk. Our analysis reveals that of all mitigating factors considered, evidence of rehabilitation and legal representation at the AAT hearing are associated with reduced perceptions of risk. When comparing two AAT decisions that are matched on all relevant factors but have different decision outcomes, we find that even where mitigating factors for reducing perceptions of risk are present, potential for inconsistencies in AAT decision making remains.Full Tex
Welcoming Neighbourhoods: Place Attachment and Ethno-Racial Acceptance
No full textThis study examines the relationship between anticipated ethno-racial rejection, place attachment, and attitudes toward immigrants. Drawing from over 2,500 responses from a neighborhood level survey conducted in Melbourne, Australia, we ask if those who anticipate social rejection on the basis of their race and ethnicity report unwelcoming attitudes toward immigrants when compared to those who do not anticipate rejection. We then assess if this relationship is either strengthened or weakened for those who report strong neighborhood attachment. We find that individuals who anticipate rejection are less welcoming of immigrants. Yet, those with high levels of place attachment report more welcoming attitudes toward immigrants, even if they anticipate rejection. These findings demonstrate that place attachment is a strong protective factor against the development of harmful attitudes toward immigrants for residents who are uncertain about inclusion.No Full Tex
Linking with migrants: The potential of digitally mediated connections to build social capital during crisis
No full textMigrants rely on social capital when (re)settling in host communities. Connections with organisations are fundamental to developing local ties and accessing services. While scholarship is replete with studies on bonding and bridging ties, little is known about organisations’ ties with migrants. Less is known about how digital technologies facilitate these links. Our article draws on interviews conducted at the onset of the Covid-19 crisis with 23 organisations that support migrants. Our research involved: understanding how digital linking ties were developed; ways that organisations transitioned from in-person to digital engagements during the Covid-19 lockdowns; and how this transition facilitated engagement/reach across migrant communities. Our findings showed that organisations maintained ties with migrants when digital platforms enabled reciprocal engagement. We highlight challenges to creating linking ties largely due to resources constraints. This article contributes nuanced understandings of linking social capital and the impacts of a crisis on the development of social capital.No Full Tex
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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