1,721,038 research outputs found
Placing prevention in the pockets: The role of mHealth in preventive medical services
No full textPrevention is an essential part of the continuum of care in medicine and health. The focus of preventive services can be on individuals as well as communities and populations. Traditionally, preventive interventions in medical care have been classified into three hierarchical levels:\ud
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1. Primary prevention: includes methods that help in avoiding disease occurrence, specifically in healthy people (e.g., health promotion)\ud
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2. Secondary prevention: includes methods for diagnosing or treating risk factors and/ or diseases at early stages with a special focus on at-risk people before they experi- ence morbidity (e.g., screening)\ud
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3. Tertiary prevention: includes methods that help in reducing the impact of existing diseases in patients, usually by preventing progression of disease or the develop- ment of complications and by rehabilitation (Pomeroy and Steiker 2012
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Desire and the spirit of sport: an Augustinian critique and reconstruction
No full textContemporary literature on sport and Christianity observes the ongoing compromises of the gospel within the excesses of muscular Christianity. However, current secular and theological reconstructions of sport aim largely to temper competitive antagonism and so misconstrue the possibilities of meaning within sport’s agonic and uglier realities. Traces of an alternative reconstruction of sport are evident in occasional uses of Augustine within the sport literature, and this thesis develops these traces to offer a reconstruction of sport within a broadly Augustinian vision. I argue that Augustinian resources—centred on desire and attentive to our in-between time—offer a number of novel contributions to sport studies in areas of politics, meaning and interpretation, aesthetics, and virtue. Such resources, I argue, are particularly helpful in approaching sport’s agonic and more ambiguous realities and reconceptualizing the gospel’s relationship to sport.The project begins by constructing its foundation in an Augustinian politics and hermeneutics of sport. I offer a ‘two cities’ vision for sport that centres on desire and draws on the political theology of Oliver O’Donovan in observing sport’s possibilities to bear the ‘crater marks’ of the gospel. I further develop this vision for sport through hermeneutic resources within Augustine’s liturgical readings of ancient spectacles to show how meaning in sport—as embodied metaphor—is constructed through participants’ narrative horizons and desires. Drawing on this foundation, I offer a two-cities critique and reconstruction of sport across areas of meaning, virtue, and aesthetics. I begin with a critique of the ‘earthly city’ in modern sport, exposing popular constructions of agonic virtue within myths which naturalize sport violence and celebrate forms of domination (libido dominandi). In reconstructing an alternative vision—one I argue is informed by the gospel—I first reframe sport within the agon and desires of Augustinian peregrinatio (‘pilgrimage’) as an alternative to traditionally heroic and Sisyphean framings. Second, I offer a reconstruction of sport virtue by observing Augustine’s transformation of Aristotelian virtue through integrating desire. Third, I approach the beauty of sport by way of Augustine’s theological aesthetic, contrasting a love of beauty revealed in and through ugliness with a love of violence itself. Finally, I return to Augustine’s political theology to consider the limitations of the gospel in sport, focusing on Augustine’s political realism and his marked distinction between the virtues of the martyr and those of the traditional hero. In so doing, the project demonstrates how an Augustinian vision provides a foundation for reconstructing sport in light of the gospel
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation support delivered by mobile phone text messaging: Txt2stop.
Full text linkBACKGROUND: The txt2stop trial has shown that mobile-phone-based smoking cessation support doubles biochemically validated quitting at 6 months. This study examines the cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation support delivered by mobile phone text messaging. METHODS: The lifetime incremental costs and benefits of adding text-based support to current practice are estimated from a UK NHS perspective using a Markov model. The cost-effectiveness was measured in terms of cost per quitter, cost per life year gained and cost per QALY gained. As in previous studies, smokers are assumed to face a higher risk of experiencing the following five diseases: lung cancer, stroke, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and coronary heart disease (i.e. the main fatal or disabling, but by no means the only, adverse effects of prolonged smoking). The treatment costs and health state values associated with these diseases were identified from the literature. The analysis was based on the age and gender distribution observed in the txt2stop trial. Effectiveness and cost parameters were varied in deterministic sensitivity analyses, and a probabilistic sensitivity analysis was also performed. FINDINGS: The cost of text-based support per 1,000 enrolled smokers is £16,120, which, given an estimated 58 additional quitters at 6 months, equates to £278 per quitter. However, when the future NHS costs saved (as a result of reduced smoking) are included, text-based support would be cost saving. It is estimated that 18 LYs are gained per 1,000 smokers (0.3 LYs per quitter) receiving text-based support, and 29 QALYs are gained (0.5 QALYs per quitter). The deterministic sensitivity analysis indicated that changes in individual model parameters did not alter the conclusion that this is a cost-effective intervention. Similarly, the probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated a >90 % chance that the intervention will be cost saving. INTERPRETATION: This study shows that under a wide variety of conditions, personalised smoking cessation advice and support by mobile phone message is both beneficial for health and cost saving to a health system
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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