1,721,104 research outputs found
Independent State of Papua New Guinea Health System Review
No full textThe Independent State of Papua New Guinea is a geographically challenging country. It has a population of over 7 million (2011), which is largely rurally based (80%). Although in the early stages of a demographic and epidemiological transition, the country remains beset with morbidity and mortality challenges linked to maternal and child health and communicable disease conditions, particularly for the rural and remotely located populations. Utilizing in-country consultations and a review of the published and grey literature, this sector review aims to outline the main organizational, financing, human resources and service delivery features of the health-care system. Based upon these findings, it proposes a programme of policy and planning reforms for the sector
Independent State of Papua New Guinea Health System Review
Get PDFThe Independent State of Papua New Guinea is a geographically challenging country. It has a population of over 7 million (2011), which is largely rurally based (80%). Although in the early stages of a demographic and epidemiological transition, the country remains beset with morbidity and mortality challenges linked to maternal and child health and communicable disease conditions, particularly for the rural and remotely located populations. Utilizing in-country consultations and a review of the published and grey literature, this sector review aims to outline the main organizational, financing, human resources and service delivery features of the health-care system. Based upon these findings, it proposes a programme of policy and planning reforms for the sector
The role of social sciences in One Health - Reciprocal benefits
No full textThis chapter will discuss the role of social sciences in understanding individual and community perspectives of health and illness in animals and humans. Social science s the 'study of society and the manner people behave and impact on the world around them' (International Health Group, 2007). It encompasses a range of scholarly or scientific disciplines such as sociology, psychology, anthropology, economics, political science and history. These perspectives, and the social, economic and cultural determinants of people's lives and ability to take action, affect health-seeking behaviour and capacity to utilize preventative measures for human and animal health. The complex relationships between animals, humans and the environment, how people may perceive risk, and their ability to respond to risks and to health promotion will be explored. The chapter will briefly describe some social science approaches to collect data on social, cultural and community perspectives of infectious diseases, risks and strategies. Key points will be illustrated with examples from Africa, Asia, Australia and the Pacific. In this chapter I discuss both broadening of the One Health approach by exploring the role of adding in social science perspectives and expanding the social science frameworks used in exploring the various aspects of the human animal-non-human animal-environment-health interactions. This expanded approach adds further value to social sciences' contribution to One Health and One Health's contribution to social science
The role of social sciences in one health: reciprocal benefits
No full textThe chapter will discuss the role of social sciences in developing a deeper understanding of diverse perspectives of health and illness in animals and humans, as well as in contributing to improve services and programmes using a One Health approach. Drawing on evaluated and ongoing examples from various countries, the authors will demonstrate the added value of social sciences to address common local or global health problems using a One Health approach. The presentation and discussion of these examples will allow for an exploration of various key aspects, ranging from diverse understandings of health risks, protection, responses, implementing interventions and health communications as well as questions of equity of access and benefit. Theories and approaches in anthropology and other social sciences will be used to frame the discussion. This expanded approach adds further value to social sciences' contribution to One Health and One Health’s contribution to social science
Negotiating care: Reproductive tract infections in Vietnam
No full textThrough case studies of two women, this paper uses a taskonomy approach to analyze rural Vietnamese women's narratives of prevention, treatment and management of vaginal discharge to illustrate care seeking, health practice and the pragmatism of their action. The research is based upon ethnographic research undertaken by the author between 1995 and 1997 in a rural district in northern Vietnam. This exploration illustrates the complexities of women's rationalities and the web of influences upon their choices-the health seeking culture as practiced. The women's narratives are also placed within the broader context of gender, power and health systems that structure their decision making. The author discusses how social and economic resource factors influence the choices women make regarding when to begin treatment for vaginal discharge and where to seek care. She concludes that women use their understanding of the relationships between health, living conditions and diseases on a day-to-day basis and that the practice of managing vaginal discharge is mediated by concepts of body, self and the body politic in Vietnam
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Negotiating care: Reproductive tract infections in Vietnam
No full textThrough case studies of two women, this paper uses a taskonomy approach to analyze rural Vietnamese women's narratives of prevention, treatment and management of vaginal discharge to illustrate care seeking, health practice and the pragmatism of their action. The research is based upon ethnographic research undertaken by the author between 1995 and 1997 in a rural district in northern Vietnam. This exploration illustrates the comlexities of women's rationalities and the web of influences upon their choices-the health seeking culture as practiced. The women's narratives are also placed within the broader context of gender, power and health systems that structure their decision making. The author discusses how social and economic resource factors influence the choices women make regarding when to begin treatment for vaginal discharge and where to seek care. She concludes that women use their understanding of the relationships between health, living conditions and diseases on a day-to-day basis and that the practice of managing vaginal discharge is mediated by concepts of body, self and the body politic in Vietnam
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