1,720,971 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The auditability of soil carbon at the farm scale
No full textAbstract — Auditability of soil carbon at the farm scale. There is a strong and growing interest in restoring degraded soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in agricultural lands, both for the purpose of generating carbon offsets and for greater farm resilience through increasing the delivery of associated ecosystem services. In order to achieve attribution of carbon offsets to improved SOC management, an efficient method to measure ∆SOC with sufficient statistical confidence is required. However, there is considerable temporal risk associated with non-permanence in conjunction with the requirement to maintain SOC stocks for 100 years. As such, there is a need for an equitable method to attribute carbon offsets that respects both landholders and the atmosphere. To address these ends, this thesis attends to the question of the auditability of soil carbon stocks on farms and ultimately develops a soil carbon auditing protocol. A direct measurement approach is employed with a stratified simple random sampling (StSRS) aimed at whole farms. This design utilises a predicted SOC distribution field to capture all available relationships with the local covariates to enable univariate stratification. This approach was tested on four farms to determine baseline SOC stocks and their uncertainty — finding two of four farms had suitable surveys for repeat measurement under high sequestration rates (0.5 Mg ha-1 yr-1) without alteration (Chapter 3). This Chapter (and portions of the proceeding Chapters) describes and tests some basic elements outlined in the patent entitled 'A Method of Quantifying Soil Carbon — Patent WO 2011150472 A1'. Once a baseline survey has been collected there is a need to optimise stratification of the new SOC prediction field (incorporating updated local information) for repeat measurement using StSRS (Chapter 4). Further from this optimisation the tradeable portion of ∆SOC was linked to the lower confidence bound (exceedance probability) of the estimation — linking the quality of surveys to the awarded offsets. This enabled optimisation on the basis of diminishing returns for increased sampling investment. Further, by relating background SOC spatial variation to plausible sequestration rates, survey intensities and reasonable revisit times; it was found that trading on a lower confidence bound of between 60-70% of the ∆SOC estimate was optimal. A lower confidence bound of 95% was highly unrealistic given the need for reasonable revisit times and sampling intensities and over-penalised direct measurement without logical basis. Concerns over natural SOC variation could be better addressed through the approach to offset generation used to account for non-permanence. Generic advice for sample size based on expert knowledge of the range of SOC was also developed for simple random sampling. Additionally, generic advice on sample size efficiency that could be gained from stratification — dependant on the nature of SOC spatial variation — is also provided. With an eye to enabling easier future design of initial StSRS surveys for areas without prior information, regional mapping of SOC is examined. From this examination it was determined that when using decision trees, mapping average SOC to the desired depth is a more accurate approach than mapping by incremental depths (Chapter 5). To address the stumbling block of non-permanence, the most generically favourable methods for generating carbon offsets from ∆SOC were examined in Chapter 6. From this examination it is suggested that `incrementally weighting offset value evenly through time' rather than `upfront sale of offsets followed by temporal liability'; was the most straightforward and user friendly approach. Additionally, to ensure validity against what the atmosphere actually 'sees', a simple age-dependant correction for awarded offsets in the event of re-emission of stocks is developed. The incremental weighting of offsets allows aggregation to full credits across space to produce a saleable credit with no attendant liabilities to the purchaser and reasonable liability for the seller. From the synthesis of the preceding chapters a SOC auditing protocol is proposed in Chapter 7. Its applicability to the land sector is defined and the strengths and weakness of its support is discussed. Finally, numerous avenues for future research for both academic interest and to improve the system are suggested
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
AI4SoilHealth project: accelerating collection and use of soil health information using AI technology to support the Soil Deal for Europe and EU Soil Observatory
No full textThe objective of AI4SoilHealth is to co-design, create and maintain an open access European-wide digital infrastructure, compiled using state-of-the-art Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods combined with new and deep soil health understanding and measures. The AI-based data infrastructure would function as a Digital Twin to the real-World biophysical system, a Soil Digital Twin, that could be then used for assessing and continuously monitoring Soil Health metrics by land use and/or management parcel, supporting the European Commission’s objective of transitioning towards healthy soils by 2030. The project is divided into seven (7) work-packages including: (WP2) Policy and stakeholder engagement - networking and synchronising with EU and national programmes, (WP3) Soil health methodology and standards - developing/testing methodology to be used by WPs 4-6, (WP4) Soil health in-situ monitoring tools and data - developing field and laboratory solutions for Observations & Measurements, (WP5) Harmonised EU-wide soil monitoring services - developing the final suite of tools, data and services, (WP6) Multi-actor engagement pilots - organizing field-works and collect users' feedback, (WP7) Soil literacy, capacity building and communication - organizing public campaigns and producing educational materials. Key deliverables of the project include: 1) Coherent Soil Health Index methodology, 2) Rapid Soil Health Assessment Toolbox, 3) AI4SoilHealth Data Cube for Europe, 4) Soil-Health-Soil-Degradation-Monitor, and 5) AI4SoilHealth API and Mobile phone App. Produced tools will be exposed to target-users (including farmer associations in >10 countries), so their feedback is used to improve design/functionality. Produced high-resolution pan-European datasets will be distributed under an Open Data licence, allowing easy access by development communities
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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