1,720,958 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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The Diffusion of a Debate: Cultural Resonance and Resource Control in American Organizations’ Framings of Climate Change
Get PDFIn this dissertation, I examine how American organizations have framed the issue of climate change, and how cultural and organizational processes affect which conceptions of climate change become dominant in mainstream media. First, I use a variety of automated text analysis procedures (topic modeling, multi-dimensional scaling, and cluster analysis) to describe a large, random sample of business, government, and social advocacy organizations’ press releases about climate change from 1985 to 2013 (N = 1,768). Next, I use plagiarism-detection software to track how organizations’ messages have been picked up in all articles about climate change published in The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and USA Today from 1985 to 2014 (total N = 34,948). These techniques allow me to describe organizations’ framing attempts and then to investigate why some succeed and diffuse into the larger discursive environment and others do not, highlighting organizational power and cultural resonance as two distinct paths through which organizations’ messages gain visibility. The dissertation is organized around three empirical chapters. In the first empirical chapter, I describe how American organizations have framed the issue of climate change over the course of the climate change debate. Across a range of organizations with different motivations and strategies, one would expect very different framings, particularly from corporations seeking to oppose action on climate change as compared to advocacy organizations trying to affect those changes. Instead, I find that a single, “post-political” frame of climate change dominates discourse. This framing is expert-oriented and technocratic, casting consensual action among economic and political elites as the appropriate way to address the climate problem, and neglecting concerns of values and identity widely believed to be important for social movement mobilization. This suggests that both businesses and civil society organizations have responded to mounting evidence of climate change by proposing methods to address environmental degradation that reinforce rather than challenge the economic and political status quo. In addition, to the extent that earlier scholars are correct that conflict-oriented discursive strategies—such as identification of a common antagonist—are effective at rousing public concern, this suggests that climate discourse is unlikely to mobilize strong public emotion and activism.The second empirical chapter examines how organizations’ characteristics affect their ability to influence wider discourse. I find that advocates against action to address climate change are about twice as likely to be cited in national newspapers as are advocates for climate action. In addition, business coalitions and very large businesses are more likely than other types of organizations to receive coverage, either because these firms are seen as important players in the national economy or because these organizations have more human resources to expend promoting their messages. Surprisingly, scientific and technical organizations are less likely to receive news coverage than are other organizations, suggesting that organizations with presumably greater expertise to speak to the scientific issues around climate change are afforded less media attention. My findings therefore suggest that climate discourse may contribute to the problem of stalled action to address climate change on two fronts: organizations primarily advocate for action to address climate change in ways that are unlikely to mobilize a public response, while the relatively small number of organizations that advocate against any action whatsoever receive heightened visibility in the public sphere. Finally, in the third empirical chapter, I examine how broad-based cultural narratives and the interventions of powerful organizations have each influenced the American climate change debate. I code press releases according to whether they would be expected to (a) resonate with latent American cultural narratives, (b) appeal to audiences’ values, emotions, and identities, or (c) speak to audiences’ topical concerns, allowing me to perform a rare deductive test of whether cultural resonance influences whether organizations’ framings of climate change receive coverage in mainstream media. My results suggest that climate change messages that appeal to audiences’ values, emotions, and identities receive heightened media visibility, as do messages that appeal to audiences’ topical concerns for economic well-being during periods of economic downturn. In addition, appeals that accord with American cultural models of rational, market-based behavior receive more news coverage than those which do not. At the same time, business coalitions and very large businesses are more likely than other types of organizations to receive news coverage, consistent with the claim that the structural power of business interests leads their perspectives to receive disproportionate visibility. Together, these results suggest that the public debate around climate change is shaped by both the cultural meanings of climate messages and the power relationships of the organizations that promote them
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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