1,720,957 research outputs found
Disparities in Job Tenure: Can the Minimum Wage Help?
No full textPolicies to reduce turnover are increasingly important for their ability to reduce costs for employers and improve financial stability for workers. Critically, job turnover tends to be higher for marginalized groups in the labor market: women and workers of color. I propose to examine the impact of Seattle’s 2014 minimum wage law on job turnover for workers in low wage jobs, and to disaggregate impacts by gender and race using demographic and industry data from the Current Population Survey. Preliminary analysis shows that the policy reduced separations by 6.8 percent, supporting the theory that increased compensation will extend employer-employee matches. Through investigation of underlying mechanisms, and impacts by gender and race, this paper will inform policymakers across the country on how large increases in minimum wages affect employment flows and employment disparities in the low-wage labor market
Too Much Risk? Public Policy, Employment, and Earnings Volatility in Washington State
No full textThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2020In this dissertation, I conducted three studies of the causes and consequences of earnings volatility for workers in low-wage jobs using of administrative records from Washington State’s Unemployment Insurance (UI) program between 2006 and 2016. In my first study, I asked: 1) What were the trends in intra-year earnings volatility for workers in low-wage jobs in Washington State between 2006 and 2016? 2) I used descriptive analysis and subsequently decomposed workers’ intra-year earnings volatility to estimate the contribution of between-work volatility, the volatility that occurs from transitioning in and out of the UI-covered jobs, and within-work volatility, the volatility that occurs from fluctuations in hours and wages within continuous UI-covered employment. Among workers who were continuously employed during that period, I further estimated the contribution of workers’ wages and hours volatility to their earnings volatility. I found that earnings swings (an earnings change > 25 percent of the previous quarter's earnings) were frequent for workers in low-wage work. Workers were more likely to experience large declines during the economic downturn (2007-2009) and large increases during the period of strong labor market growth (2012-2016). However, the magnitude of large increases was smaller than those of large decreases. I further found that worker transitions in and out of UI-covered work—15.6 percent of all quarter-to-quarter transitions—accounted for nearly two-thirds of the total intra-year earnings volatility documented over the period. Among the subset of workers who experienced continuous employment, I found that volatility from workers' hours worked had a significant, positive association with workers’ intra-year earnings volatility. In the second chapter, I asked 1) What was the impact of a local paid sick leave policy on the employment levels, flows, and volatility of affected firms and workers? 2) Were these impacts larger for workers less likely to have access to paid sick leave before the policy? My analytic strategy was designed to evaluate changes in employment outcomes for firms and workers affected by the mandate (firms with at least four FTE employees) relative to those not covered by the policy (firms with four or fewer FTE employees) between 2010 and 2014. I focused on traditional measures of employment flows, such as hires, separations, and job duration, and on new measures of employment volatility, such as the quarterly arc percent change in workers’ hours and earnings and their likelihood of experiencing a drop or gain in these outcomes. I found that firms right above the threshold of four full-time equivalent employees did not experience any statistically significant changes in their total headcount, payroll, hires, separations, or job turnover resulting from the policy. Workers in firms just above the FTE employment threshold for the PSST mandate experienced a 0.1 percent decrease in their hours worked in the year after the policy took effect. Subgroups analysis on part-time workers and workers with low earnings showed that these workers similarly experienced no change in their employment levels and small changes in their employment flows and volatility, echoing the impact estimates of workers overall. In my third study, I asked 1) What is the impact of the Seattle Minimum Wage Ordinance (MWO) on employment flows (hires, separations, turnover) in the low-wage market? 2) What is the impact of the Ordinance on hours volatility among continuing jobs? I defined the low-wage labor market as jobs with wages greater than 150% of the post-policy minimum wage – jobs that pay 25 percent) hours declines within a job were negative and statistically significant when the minimum wage increased up to $13 per hour. The timing of the decline in large hours drops coincided with a statistically significant decline in separations, indicating that the increases in hours volatility may be due to hours increases from continuing jobs
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Labor Market Effects of Paid Sick Leave: The Case of Seattle
Get PDFWe investigate the impact of Seattle’s Paid Sick and Safety Time (PSST) policy on workers’ quarterly hours worked and separation hazard. Using Unemployment Insurance records from before and after the implementation of PSST, we examine individual-level employment behavior at the extensive and intensive margins and compare Seattle workers to workers in Washington state using a difference-in-differences strategy. Importantly, we consider how impacts vary by employment characteristics, including worker wage rate and tenure, and by firm characteristics, including industry and firm size. We find that PSST increased workers’ quarterly hours by 4.42 hours per quarter, or around 18 hours per year. While there was no overall impact on workers’ separation hazard rates, we observed a 10 percent decrease in separations for workers in firms with more than 50 employees following PSST implementation. Our findings indicate that paid sick leave policies may support workers in increasing their hours and, to a lesser extent, may reduce turnover
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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