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Butadieenbereiding; 2e deel
No full textDocument(en) uit de collectie Chemische ProcestechnologieDelftChemTechApplied Science
Methanol synthesis in a countercurrent gas-solid-solid trickle flow reactor. An experimental study
Full text linkThe synthesis of methanol from CO and H2 was executed in a gas-solid-solid trickle flow reactor. The reactor consisted of three tubular reactor sections with cooling sections in between. The catalyst was Cu on alumina, the adsorbent was a silica-alumina powder and the experimental range 498–523 K, 5.0–6.3 MPa and 0.2–0.33 molar fraction of CO. Complete conversion in one pass was achieved for stoichiometric feed rates, so that the gas outlet could be closed. The experimental results are compared with the model presented in the previous paper [Westerterp, K.R. and Kuczynski, M. (1987) Chem. Engng Sci.42,]; agreement is close over the entire conversion range from 15% to 100%
Commercial infant foods in the UK: macro-nutrient content and composition
Get PDFEarly infant feeding provides nutrients for optimal growth and development. Currently in the UK, one in five children starts school overweight(1): recent data suggest that children who are overweight at an early age are likely to continue to be overweight. This in turn, increases the risk of developing chronic disease such as type II diabetes, heart disease and a variety of other co-morbidities at early adulthood(2,3). Over recent decades, changes in life style and food economy has contributed to shifting dietary patterns leading to increased consumption of energy-dense diets high in fat, particularly saturated fat, and low in unrefined carbohydrates(4). The modern lifestyle dynamic, therefore, has lead to an increased parental reliance on commercially marketed complementary foods in the UK, which may have potential implications for total energy and fat intake in addition to taste acquisition. The foregoing factors can negatively impact the risk of chronic non-communicable disease(4). The aforementioned trend enhances the importance of labelling in the areas of food safety and nutritional information. Quantitative analyses of the macronutrient content of eight popular commercial ‘ready to-feed’ baby meals for infants of 7–9 months old in the UK market has been undertaken in order to ascertain their nutritional suitability in relation to the total daily dietary intake as well as nutritional profiling of the products. The chemical analyses conducted included Kjeldhal for protein, acid hydrolysis and extraction for fat, phenol sulphuric acid for carbohydrate and AOAC 985.29 for fibre. The only significant difference found between different varieties (meat and vegetable-based) was with respect to the protein content (P = 0.04) per 100 g of food. The experimentally determined concentrations of macronutrients (g/418.4 kJ) were compared with the declared values provided by the manufacturers on the product labels and despite some variations, the values obtained comply with the regulatory requirements (Commission Directive 2006/125/EC). The total daily intake of fat (27.0 g/d) – based on the menu composed from commercial complementary food – is suggested to exceed the DRV of fat (27.1 g/d), if the intake of snacks and desserts are incorporated. The aforementioned results imply that the formulations of the recipes, based on a standard commercial menu, are of significant importance in relation to the nutritional quality of the infant’s diet
Vergelijkend onderzoek van drie extractiekolommen
No full textApplied SciencesKramers Laboratorium voor Fysische Technologi
Economic background of chemical integration - a case study
Full text linkIn this second paper on chemical integration the author refines the usual relation of total costs equals fixed plus variable costs further by splitting the fixed costs into core, true fixed and capacity related fixed costs. A set of equations for a simplified definition of the returns on investment for an entire chemically integrated complex and individual production units in the manufacturing plant is given, from which the individual contributions of diversification and of chemical integration can be deduced. An example taken from practice is given
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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