17 research outputs found
Fronleichnamsprozession und Sternsingen - Zwei barocke Volksschauspiele aus dem Schreybbuech Phillipp Lenglachners (Niederbayern um 1800)
No full textDiese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit zwei Volksschauspielen, einer Fronleichnamsprozession mit Fronleichnamsspiel und dem Sternsingen, aus einer nicht veröffentlichten Handschrift aus Niederbayern, die um 1800 verfasst wurde.
Die Hauptschwerpunkte liegen in der literaturwissenschaftlichen, aber auch volkskundlichen Bearbeitung und Einordnung der beiden Volksschauspiele.
Es wird in diesem Zusammenhang nicht nur der historische Kontext aufgezeigt, in dem die Handschrift und ihr Verfasser angesiedelt sind, sondern auch auf den Verfasser und die Handschrift selbst eingegangen. Es eröffnete sich dabei eine Verbindung zu den Stubenberger Liederbüchern.This paper looks at two folk plays, one Corpus Christi procession including a Corpus Christi play, and the Epiphany carol singing found in an unpublished manuscript drawn up in Lower Bavaria around 1800.
The paper focuses on analysing the two folk plays under literary and ethnological aspects.
It shows the historical context of the manuscript and its author, but it also discusses the author himself and the manuscript, in the course of which a connection to the Stubenberg songbooks became apparent
Eerste gebod in die Heidelbergse Kategismus : teologiese insigte van Phillipp Melanchthon en Zacharias Ursinus
No full textThis article focuses on the exposition of the first commandment in the Heidelberg Catechism
(HC). Reconstructions of the original German and Latin texts are presented. Zacharias
Ursinus, the primary author of the HC, was a student of Philipp Melanchthon in Wittenberg.
Two important publications of Melanchthon have been revisited in search of the theological
background and context behind the HC. Ursinus’ expositions of the first commandment in
his Small and Large Catechisms, as well as some of the insights into his dogmatic lectures are
explained in an effort to create a better understanding of the exposition of the HC.Die artikel fokus op die uitleg van die eerste gebod in
die Heidelbergse Kategismus (HK). Rekonstruksies van die oorspronklike Duitse en Latynse
tekste word voorgelê. Zacharias Ursinus, die primêre outeur van die HK, was ’n leerling
van Philipp Melanchthon in Wittenberg. Twee belangrike publikasies van Melanchthon is
nagevors in die soeke na die teologiese denkwêreld as agtergrond tot die HK. Ursinus se
uitleg van die eerste gebod in sy Klein en Groot Kategismusse, asook sommige van die insigte
wat in sy die dogmatieklesings vervat is, word verduidelik in ’n poging om ’n beter begrip
van die uitleg van die HK teweeg te bring.http://www.indieskriflig.org.zaam2014mn201
Cost-Effectiveness of Pharmacogenomic and Pharmacogenetic Test-Guided Personalized Therapies: A Systematic Review of the Approved Active Substances for Personalized Medicine in Germany
No full textBackground: The use of targeted therapies has recently increased. Pharmacogenetic tests are a useful tool to guide patient treatment and to test a response before administering medicines. Pharmacogenetic tests can predict potential drug resistance and may be used for determining genotype-based drug dosage. However, their cost-effectiveness as a diagnostic tool is often debatable. In Germany, 47 active ingredients are currently approved. A prior predictive test is required for 39 of these and is recommended for eight. The objective of this study was to review the cost-effectiveness (CE) of pharmacogenetic test-guided drug therapy and compare the application of drugs with and without prior genetic testing. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to identify the CE and cost-utility of genetic tests. Studies from January 2000 until November 2015 were searched in 16 databases including Medline, Embase, and Cochrane. A quality assessment of the full-text publications was performed using the validated Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) instrument. Results: In the majority of the included studies, the pharmacogenetic test-guided therapy represents a cost-effective/cost-saving treatment option. Only seven studies lacked a clear statement of CE or cost-savings, because of uncertainty, restriction to specific patient populations, or assumptions for comparative therapy. Moreover, the high quality of the available evidence was evaluated. Conclusion: Pharmacogenetic testing constitutes an opportunity to improve the CE of pharmacotherapy. The CE of targeted therapies depends on various factors including costs, prevalence of biomarkers, and test sensitivity and specificity. To guarantee the CE comparability of stratified drug therapies, national and international standards for evaluation studies should be defined. © 2016, The Author(s)
The neuronal guidance protein netrin-1 reduces alveolar inflammation in a porcine model of acute lung injury
No full textIntroduction: Acute lung injury (ALI) is an inflammatory disorder of pulmonary or extrapulmonary origin. We have previously demonstrated that netrin-1 dampens murine ALI, and in an attempt to advance this finding into future clinical practice we evaluated whether netrin-1 would reduce alveolar inflammation during porcine ALI. Methods: This was a controlled in vivo experimental study in pigs. We induced ALI through lipoploysaccharide (LPS) infusion (50 micro g/kg) for 2 hours. Following this, we exposed animals to either vehicle, intravenous netrin-1 (netrin-1 i.v.) or inhaled netrin-1 (netrin-1 inh.). Serum samples and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were obtained to determine levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1beta, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 at baseline and 6 hours following treatment. Myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and protein levels were determined in the BAL, and tissue samples were obtained for histological evaluation. Finally, animals were scanned with spiral CT. Results: Following LPS infusion, animals developed acute pulmonary injury. Serum levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 were significantly reduced in the netrin-1 i.v. group. BAL demonstrated significantly reduced cytokine levels 6 hours post-netrin-1 treatment (TNF-alpha: vehicle 633 ± 172 pg/ml, netrin-1 i.v. 84 ± 5 pg/ml, netrin-1 inh. 168 ± 74 pg/ml; both P < 0.05). MPO activity and protein content were significantly reduced in BAL samples from netrin-1-treated animals. Histological sections confirmed reduced inflammatory changes in the netrin-1-treated animals. Computed tomography corroborated reduced pulmonary damage in both netrin-1-treated groups. Conclusions: We conclude that treatment with the endogenous anti-inflammatory protein netrin-1 reduces pulmonary inflammation during the initial stages of ALI and should be pursued as a future therapeutic option
Cost-Effectiveness of Pharmacogenomic and Pharmacogenetic Test-Guided Personalized Therapies: A Systematic Review of the Approved Active Substances for Personalized Medicine in Germany
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Balance training in older adults using exergames: Game speed and cognitive elements affect how seniors play
No full textFalls in older adults are a serious threat to their health and independence, and a prominent reason for institutionalization. Incorrect weight shifts and poor executive functioning have been identified as important causes for falling. Exergames are increasingly used to train both balance and executive functions in older adults, but it is unknown how game characteristics affect the movements of older adults during exergaming. The aim of this study was to investigate how two key game elements, game speed, and the presence of obstacles, influence movement characteristics in older adults playing a balance training exergame. Fifteen older adults (74 ± 4.4 years) played a step-based balance training exergame, designed specifically for seniors to elicit weight shifts and arm stretches. The task consisted of moving sideways to catch falling grapes and avoid obstacles (falling branches), and of raising the arms to catch stationary chickens that appeared above the avatar. No steps in anterior-posterior direction were required in the game. Participants played the game for eight 2 min trials in total, at two speed settings and with or without obstacles, in a counterbalanced order across participants. A 3D motion capture system was used to capture position data of 22 markers fixed to upper and lower body. Calculated variables included step size, step frequency, single leg support, arm lift frequency, and horizontal trunk displacement. Increased game speed resulted in a decrease in mean single support time, step size, and arm lift frequency, and an increase in cadence, game score, and number of error messages. The presence of obstacles resulted in a decrease in single support ratio, step size, cadence, frequency of arm lifts, and game score. In addition, step size increased from the first to the second trial repetition. These results show that both game speed and the presence of obstacles influence players’ movement characteristics, but only some of these effects are considered beneficial for balance training whereas others are detrimental. These findings underscore that an informed approach is necessary when designing exergames so that game settings contributpublishedVersion© 2020 Anders, Bengtson, Grønvik, Skjæret-Maroni and Vereijken. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms
The influence of motor tasks and cut-off parameter selection on artifact subspace reconstruction in EEG recordings
No full textAdvances in EEG filtering algorithms enable analysis of EEG recorded during motor tasks. Although methods such as artifact subspace reconstruction (ASR) can remove transient artifacts automatically, there is virtually no knowledge about how the vigor of bodily movements affects ASRs performance and optimal cut-off parameter selection process. We compared the ratios of removed and reconstructed EEG recorded during a cognitive task, single-leg stance, and fast walking using ASR with 10 cut-off parameters versus visual inspection. Furthermore, we used the repeatability and dipolarity of independent components to assess their quality and an automatic classification tool to assess the number of brain-related independent components. The cut-off parameter equivalent to the ratio of EEG removed in manual cleaning was strictest for the walking task. The quality index of independent components, calculated using RELICA, reached a maximum plateau for cut-off parameters of 10 and higher across all tasks while dipolarity was largely unaffected. The number of independent components within each task remained constant, regardless of the cut-off parameter used. Surprisingly, ASR performed better in motor tasks compared with non-movement tasks. The quality index seemed to be more sensitive to changes induced by ASR compared to dipolarity. There was no benefit of using cut-off parameters less than 10.publishedVersionOpen Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Invención y asimilación. Los grabados europeos como modelo para los dibujos de Felipe Guaman Poma. Historias. Revista de la Dirección de Estudios Históricos. Num. 29 (1993) octubre-marzo
No full text1 Rolena Adorno, "lcon and Idea: A Symbolic Reading of the Visual Text of Guaman Poma", The Indian Historian, núm. 12, 1979, pp. 27-50, y Guaman Poma: Writing and Resistance in Colonial Peru, Austin, 1986 (Guaman Poma. Literatura de resistencia en el Perú colonial, México, Siglo XXI, 1991); Mercedes López-Baralt, "La iconografía de vicios y virtudes en el arte de reinar de Guarnan Poma de Ayala: emblemática política al servicio de una tipología cultural americana", escrito presentado en el coloquio "Metaphors and Meanings in the Americas", encuentro núm. 43 del Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, Vancuver, 1979, "La persistencia de las estructuras simbólicas andinas en los dibujos de Guarnan Poma de Ayala", Journal of American Lore, núm 5, verano de 1979, pp. 83-116, e Icono y conquista: Guarnan Poma de Ayala, Madrid, 1988; George Kubler, Esthetic Recognition of Ancient Amerindian Art, New Haven, 1991.2 José de Mesa y Teresa Gisbert, Historia de la pintura cuzqueña, 2 vols., Lima, 1982, t. I., p. 87.3 Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, El primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno, editado por John V. Murra y Rolena Adorno, 3 vols., México, 1980, p. 1112 [1122].4 Raúl Porras Barrenechea, El cronista indio Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, Lima, 1948, p. 75.5 Robert Ricard, La "conquête spirituelle" du Mexique, París, 1933; Pierre Duviols, La destrucción de las religiones andinas (conquista y colonia), México, 1977.6 Citado en Femando de Armas Medina, Cristianización del Perú (1532-1600), Sevilla, 1953, p. 443.7 Pablo José de Arriaga, The Extirpation of Idolatry in Peru, traducido y editado por L. Clark Keating, Lexington, Ken., 1968, 66 ff.8 Martín Sebastián Soria, La pintura del siglo XVI en Sudamérica, Buenos Aires, 1956; José de Mesa y Teresa Gisbert, El pintor Mateo Pérez de Alesio, La Paz, 1972, y op. cit., 1982; Francisco Stastny, "Pérez de Alesio y la pintura del siglo XVI", Anales del lnstituto de Arte Americano e Investigaciones Estéticas, núm. 22, 1969, pp. 9-46.9 George Kubler, "On the Colonial Extinction of the Motifs of Pre-Columbian Art", Essays in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology, editado por Samuel K. Lothrop et al., Cambridge, Mass., 1961, pp. 14-34.10 Thomas Cummins, Abstraction to Narration: Kero Imagery of Pero and the Colonial Alteration of Native Identity, tesis doctoral, Universidad de California, Los Angeles, 1988.11 Francisco Stastny, Breve historia del arte en el Perú: La pintura precolombina, colonial y republicana, Lima, 1967, figs. 14 y 18.12 Pál Kelemen, Vanishing Art of the Americas, Nueva York, 1977, 140 ff.13 Leopoldo Castedo, The Cuzco Circle, catálogo de exhibición, Nueva York, Centro de Relaciones InterAmericanas, 1976, 23 pp.14 Robert Robertson, Mexican Manuscript Painting of the Early Colonial Period: The Metropolitan Schools, New Haven, 1959; Munro S. Edmonson (ed.), Sixteenth Century Mexico: The Work of Sahagún, Albuquerque, 1974.15 Birgit Scharlauy Mark Munzel, Qellqay: Mündliche Kultur und Schrifttradition bei Indianern Lateinamerikas, Frankfurt, 1986, pp. 147-154.16 Donald Robertson, "The Pinturas (Maps) of the Relaciones geográficas, with a Catalog", Handbook of Middle American Indians, vol. 12, editado por Howard F. Cline, Austin, 1972, pp. 243-278.17 Marcos Jiménez de la Espada, Relaciones geográficas de Indias: Perú, vols. 183-185, Biblioteca de autores españoles desde la formación del lenguaje hasta nuestros días, Madrid, 1965.18 Por ejemplo, Thierry Saignes, "Potosi et le sud bolivien selon une ancienne carte", Cahiers du monde hispanique et luso-brésilien: Caravelle, núm. 44, 1985, pp. 123-128.19 Juan de Betanzos, Suma y narración de los incas, editado por María del Carmen Martín Rubio, Madrid, 1987, p. 55.20 Arthur Mayer Hind, An Introduction to a History of Woodcut, with a Detailed History or Work Done in the Fifteenth Century, 2 vols., Nueva York, 1963, t. 11, figs. 370, 387, 398 y 399; Blanca García Vega, El grabado del libro español: siglos XV, XVI, XVII, 2 vols., Valladolid, 1984, tomo I, ilus. 33, 37, 45 y 49.21 Otis H. Green e lrving A. Leonard, "On the Mexican Booktrade in 1600: A Chapter in Cultural History", Hispanic Review, núm. 9, 1941, p. 10;B. García Vega, op. cit., t. I, lám. 37.22 Felipe Guaman Poma, op. cit., 1980, p. 1074 [1084].23 Porras Barrenechea, op. cit., 1948, p. 9.24 Felipe Guaman Poma, op. cit., 1980, p. XLII.25 Idem, p. 4 [4].26 James Strachan, Early Bible Ilustrations: A Short Story Based on some Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century Printed Texts, Cambridge, Inglaterra, 1957, lám. 7; Adrien Jean Joseph Delen, Histoire de la gravure dans les anciens Pays-Bas et dans les provinces belges, des origines jusq'à la fin du XVIIe siècle, 2 vols., París, 1924-1935, t. I, lám. 46-1.27 Adam von Bartsch, The Illustrated Bartsch: German Book Illustration before 1500, editado por Walter L. Strauss, Nueva York, 1981-1984, vol. 80, p. 49 (1462/121).28 Phillipp Schmidt, Die Illustration der Lutherbibel, 1522-1700, Basilea, 1962, p. 101.29 Max Lehrs, Late Gothic Engravings of Germany and the Netherlands, Nueva York, 1969, lám. 623.30 Felipe Guaman Poma, op. cit., 1980, p. 617 [631].31 Robert Proctor, Bibliographical Essays, Nueva York, 1969, pp. 1-12; Arthur Mayer Hind, op. cit., pp. 1-41.32 Adam von Bartsch, op. cit., vol. 80, p. 215(1474/62), vol. 81, p. 26 (1476/56), p. 29 (1476/76), y p. 54 (1476/227).33 Felipe Guaman Poma, op. cit., 1980, p. 499 [503].34 Adam von Bartsch, op. cit., vol. 80, p. 155 (1473/190).35 Idem, p. 276 (1475/143).36 Ibid.37 Idem, p. 271 (1475/114).38 Felipe Guaman Poma, op. cit., 1980, p. 561 [575] y 404 [407].39 Idem, p. 33 [33].40 Idem, p. 829 [843].41 Adam von Bartsch, op. cit., vol. 80, p. 64 (1471/24).42 Felipe Guaman Poma, op. cit., 1980, p. 829 [843]; Irving A. Leonard, "Best Sellers of Lima Book Trade, 1583", The Hispanic American Historical Review, núm. 22, 1942, p. 32.43 Adam von Bartsch, op. cit., vol. 81, p. 48(1476/190); Carlos Gilly, Spanien und der Basler Buchdruck bis 1600: Ein Querschnitt durch die spanische Geistesgeschichte aus der Sicht einer europaiscben Buchdruckerstadt, Frankfurt, 1985.44 Felipe Guaman Poma, op. cit., 1980, p. 694 [708].45 Francisco de Avila, Ritos y tradiciones de Huarochiri: Manuscrito quechua de comienzos del siglo XVII, editado por Gerald Taylor, Lima, 1987, cap. 2.46 lrving Leonard, "Don Qixote and the Book Trade in Lima, 1606", Hispanic Review, núm. 8, 1940, pp. 285-304.47 Cf. Felipe Guarnan Poma, op. cit., 1980, p. 670 [684].48 C. F. Van Veen, Duth Catehpenny Prints: Three Centuries of Pictorial Broadsides for Children, La Haya, 1971, p. 39; David Kunzle, "World Upside Down: The Iconography of a European Broadsheet Type", The Reversible World: Symbolic Inversion in Art and Society, editado por Bárbara A. Babcock, Ithaca, 1978, p. 44.49 Felipe Guaman Poma, op. cit., 1980, pp. 220 [222], 409 [411], 448 [450], 530 [544], 604 [618], 762 [776], 1126 [1136] y 1128 [1138].50 Idem, p. 163 [165].51 David Kunzle, op. cit., fig. 1.3.52 Nathan Wachtel, Sociedad e ideología: Ensayos de historia y antropología andinas, Lima, 1973, pp. 163-229; Rolena Adorno, "Notas sobre el estudio de los textos amerindios: el ejemplo del concepto de pachakuti", Discurso literario, núm. 4, 1987, pp. 367-375; Sabine MacCormack, "Pachakuti: Miracles, Punishments, and Last Judgment. Visionary Past and Prophetic Future in Early Colonial Peru", The American Historical Review, núm. 93, 1988, pp. 960-1006.53 Felipe Guaman Poma, op. cit., 1980, p. 525 [529].54 Ver la ilustración de “The Pharaoh's Butler Dreaming of a Vine While lmprisoned”, publicado en el Speculum humanae salvationis, Augsburgo, Gunther Zainer, ca. 14 73; Adam von Bartsch, op. cit., vol. 80, p. 148 (1473/144).55 Felipe Guaman Poma, op. cit., 1980, pp. 494 [498] y 496 [500].56 Adam von Bartsch, op. cit., vol. 80, p. 170 (1473/275).57 Felipe Guaman Poma, op. cit., 1980, p. 451 [453].58 Edward Hodnett, English Woodcuts, 1480-1535, Londres, 1935, figs. 143 y 146.59 Por ejemplo, ver la ilustración "Christ at the Mouth of Hell" (Cristo en las puertas del infierno), Speculum humanae salvationis, Basilea, Bernhard Richel, 1476; Adam von Bartsch, op. cit., vol. 81, p. 48 (1476/188).60 Felipe Guaman Poma, op. cit., 1980, p. 398 [400].61 Adam von Bartsch, op. cit., vol. 81, p. 34 (1476/102).62 Idem, vol. 80, p. 171 (1473/281).63 Felipe Guaman Poma, op. cit., 1980, p. 1067 (1077).64 Cf. John Ewers, Early White Influence upon Plains Indian Painting: George Catlin and Carl Bodmer among the Mandan, 1832-1834, Washington, D. C., 1957.65 Gerdt Kutscher, Nordperuanische Karamik: Figürlich verzierte Gefässe der Früh-Chimu, Berlín, 1954, fig. 29a.66 Jenaro Fernández Baca, Motivos de ornamentación de la cerámica Inca Cuzco, Lima, 1971, lám. 7.67 Mario Praz, "Concept of the Emblem: Renaissance and Barroque", Encyclopedia of World Art, vol. 4, Nueva York, 1961, pp. 726-732; Adolf Katzenellenbogen, Allegories of the Virtues and Vices in Medieval Art from Early Christian Times to the Thirteenth Century, Toronto, 1989.68 Felipe Guaman Poma, op. cit., 1980, p. 73 [73].69 Idem, p. 81 [81].70 Detlef Hoffmann, The Playing Card: An Illustrated History, Greenwich, 1973, fig. 28b.71 Irving Leonard, "On the Cuzco Book Trade, 1606", Hispanic Review, núm. 9, 1941, pp. 359-375; Blanca García Vega, op. cit., fig. 323.72 Blanca García Vega, op. cit., vol. 1, lám. 307.73 Teresa Gisbert, Iconografía y mitos indígenas en el arte, La Paz, 1980, pp. 195-198.74 Irving Leonard, op. cit., 1942, p. 32.75 E. H. Gombrich, Norm and Form: Studies in the Art of the Renaissance, Londres, 1978, pp. 122-128.76 Hensley C. Woodbridge y Lawrence S. Thompson, Printing in Colonial Spanish America, Troy, Nueva York, 1976, p. 48.77 Otis H. Green e Irving Leonard, op. cit.; Irving Leonard, op. cit., 1941 y op. cit., 1942.En la primera década del siglo XVII un artista nacido en Perú, Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala (ca. 1534 – ca. 1615), envió una carta de protesta de 1,188 páginas al rey de España. En este documento, titulado Nueva corónica i buen gobierno, Guaman Poma denunciaba los abusos y maltratos que la burocracia y el clero colonial español habían ejercido sobre la población indígena del Perú y que ésta se había visto obligada a soportar. Este manuscrito incluye 399 dibujos a tinta, cuyo estilo, tan expresivo, es muestra de la idiosincrasia del autor. Los dibujos muestran escenas y gente de una manera lineal y casi angulosa. El manuscrito rara vez usa la perspectiva y el escorzo. Además, todas las imágenes se caracterizan por ser planas debido a que no se utilizan sombras para sugerir volumen en las figuras
Correction to: longitudinal analysis of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and anthropometric measures from ages 6 to 11 years
No full textFollowing publication of the original article [1], the author reported an error in the 'Conclusion' section as follows: Incorrect statement in published article: "On the other hand, a shorter time spent in MVPA predicted a reduced BMI over a 5-year period." Corrected statement: "On the other hand, a shorter time spent in MVPA predicted an increased BMI over a 5-year period
Kimberly Elman Zarecor, “Manufacturing a socialist modernity: Housing In Czechoslovakia, 1945–1960”; Philipp Meuser, “Die Ästhetik der Platte. Wohnungsbau in der Sowjetunion zwischen Stalin und Glasnost”
No full textW badaniach nad architekturą krajów socjalistycznych problem budownictwa mieszkaniowego zajmuje miejsce szczególnie istotne. Poprawa warunków bytowych ludności i jej właściwe dystrybuowanie należało do pierwszych postulatów ekip, obejmujących władzę w krajach bloku wschodniego. Zlikwidowanie (czy przynajmniej zmarginalizowanie) komercyjnego budownictwa mieszkaniowego i objęcie mniej lub bardziej ścisłego nadzoru nad mieszkalnictwem należały do standardowych praktyk komunistycznych rządów. Towarzyszyło temu silne zideologizowanie tej problematyki i nasycenie jej przekazem propagandowym. Szeroki krąg problemów związany z komunistycznym mieszkalnictwem od lat wywołuje interdyscyplinarne zainteresowanie badawcze, szczególnie w opracowaniach poruszających kwestie socjologiczne czy historii życia codziennego. Książka Kimberly Elman Zarecor wyróżnia się przyjęciem innej perspektywy badawczej. Analizując socjalistyczne czechosłowackie budownictwo mieszkaniowe pierwszego piętnastolecia autorka uwagę kieruje na ewolucję preferowanych rozwiązań architektonicznych i konstrukcyjnych oraz zmieniającą się instytucjonalną organizację pracy projektanta. Elementy te stają się zasadniczymi składnikami tytułowej socialist modernity. Jednym z zasadniczych założeń Zarecor jest przy tym zbadanie tych problemów w sposób wykraczający poza rozważania nad ich prostą zależnością od wspomnianych wyżej ideologicznych priorytetów władz komunistycznych. Również książka Philippa Meusera włącza się w ten nowy nurt badań nad powojennym masowym budownictwem prefabrykowanym. Szczególnie interesujące i doniosłe jest to, że autor podjął się charakterystyki tego budownictwa w ZSRR – a więc w kraju, który z oczywistych względów stanowił ogólny wzór dla rządzących elit bloku wschodniego dotyczący sposobów prowadzenia polityki gospodarczej, w tym zasadniczych rozstrzygnięć w zakresie mieszkalnictwa. A masowe wdrażanie prefabrykacji od połowy lat 50. właśnie takim rozstrzygnięciem było – także w CSRS (niezależnie od odrębności i niuansów, wychwyconych w omawianej książce Zarecor).Housing has always been one of the major topics in the study of socialist architecture. Improving the living conditions of citizens and ensuring the right distribution of population were among the key political promises made by new post-war governments
of the Eastern Bloc. Eradicating (or at least marginalising)
private construction businesses and extending state supervision over the housing industry were typically practiced by Communist authorities. The process had strong ideological motivation and was accompanied by forceful propaganda. The broad array of issues connected with socialist housing has long been the subject of much academic interest across many fi elds of study, particularly those regarding social matters and the history of daily life. The book by Kimberly Elman Zarecor is exceptional
in that the author adopts in it a different research perspective. Analysing the housing industry of the fi rst fi fteen years of socialist Czechoslovakia, Zarecor directs her attention to the evolution of preferred architectural and structural solutions,
and the changed organisation of architectural work. These elements are at the core of socialist modernity. One of the book’s central objectives is assuming a broader perspective in dealing with the subject than simply putting it down to the ideological priorities of the Communist government. Phillipp Meuser’s book also fi ts in this new trend in research on post-war prefabricated mass housing. What is particularly interesting and admirable about his contribution is that he undertook to discuss the issue on the example of the USSR itself – the country of origin of this type of housing and a model for the governments of the Eastern Bloc, which looked up to it for ways to handle economic issues and for radical solutions regarding housing policies. Mass implementation of prefabrication which started in mid-1950s was such a radical solution, also in Czechoslovakia (regardless of country-specific peculiarities identified and discussed by Zarecor in her book)
