1,720,982 research outputs found
Yläkouluikäisten nuorten fyysisen aktiivisuuden yhteydet tupakointiin ja alkoholinkäyttöön
No full textLonka, Aleksi & Westerholm, Jan. 2015. Yläkouluikäisten nuorten fyysisen aktiivisuuden yhteydet tupakointiin ja alkoholinkäyttöön. Liikuntakasvatuksen laitos. Jyväskylän yliopisto. Liikuntapedagogiikan pro gradu -tutkielma. 86 s., 1 liite.
Tutkimuksemme tarkoituksena oli selvittää yläkouluikäisten (8.-9. luokkalaiset) fyysisen aktiivisuuden yhteyttä tupakointiin ja alkoholinkäyttöön. Selvitimme tutkimuksessamme myös eroaako urheiluseuratoiminnassa säännöllisesti mukana olevien nuorten tupakointi ja alkoholinkäyttö muiden ikätoverien päihteidenkäyttötavoista. Lisäksi tarkastelimme ruutuajan yhteyttä tupakointiin ja alkoholinkäyttöön. Tuloksissa vertailtiin eroja sukupuolten ja luokka-asteiden välillä.
Pro gradu -tutkielmamme aineisto on osa Liikkuva koulu -hankkeen tutkimusaineistoa. Aineistomme kerättiin kyselylomakkeella 23 koulusta eri puolilta Suomea hankkeen neljännellä mittauskerralla, keväällä 2012. Tutkimuksen perusjoukko koostui yhteensä 951:stä 8.-9. luokkalaisesta oppilaasta, joista 484 oli tyttöjä ja 467 poikia. Aineiston kuvailuun ja tilastolliseen analysointiin käytimme menetelminä frekvenssejä, prosenttijakaumia, ristiintaulukointia ja Pearsonin tulomomenttikorrelaatiokerrointa.
Tutkimustulokset osoittivat, että fyysisen aktiivisuuden määrällä ja säännöllisellä urheiluseurassa harrastamisella oli negatiivinen yhteys yläkouluikäisten tupakointiin, erityisesti pojilla ja 9. luokkalaisilla. Tulosten mukaan 6–7 kertaa viikossa vähintään 60 minuuttia päivässä liikkuneet pojat tupakoivat vähemmän kuin 0–2 kertaa viikossa liikkuneet. Samanlainen havainto tehtiin myös 9. luokkalaisista. Säännöllisesti urheiluseurassa harrastavista pojista 85,9 % vastasi, ettei tupakoi lainkaan ja ei-harrastamattomista 71,4 %. Tytöillä ja 8. luokkalaisilla säännöllinen urheiluseurassa harrastaminen oli tilastollisesti merkitsevästi yhteydessä tupakointiin, toisin kuin fyysisen aktiivisuuden määrä. Alkoholinkäytön suhteen fyysisen aktiivisuuden määrällä ja säännöllisellä urheiluseurassa harrastamisella ei ollut tilastollisesti merkitsevää yhteyttä kummallakaan sukupuolella. Sen sijaan aktiivinen urheiluseurassa harrastaminen näyttäisi hieman lisäävän 9. luokkalaisten alkoholinkäyttöä. Säännöllisesti urheiluseurassa harrastavista 9. luokkalaisista 14,6 % ilmoitti käyttävänsä alkoholia viikoittain, kun taas ei-harrastavista 9,1 %. Ruutuajan osalta tutkimuksessa havaittiin, että runsas tietokoneen käyttö koulupäivisin oli lievästi yhteydessä sekä tytöillä että pojilla lisääntyneeseen tupakointiin ja alkoholinkäyttöön.
Tutkimustuloksemme antavat viitteitä siitä, että fyysinen aktiivisuus ja urheiluseurassa harrastaminen ovat yhteydessä nuorten vähäisempään tupakointiin, mutta vastaavaa yhteyttä alkoholinkäytön osalta ei löytynyt. Nämä havainnot ovat linjassa aikaisempien tutkimustulosten kanssa. Liikunta-alalla nuorten kasvatustehtävissä toimivien henkilöiden olisi tärkeä tiedostaa nämä havainnot ja harrastustoiminnan tarjoamat mahdollisuudet nuorten päihdeasennekasvatuksessa.Lonka, Aleksi & Westerholm, Jan. 2015. Adolescents physical activity related to smoking and alcohol use. Department of Sport Science. University of Jyväskylä. Master’s thesis. 86 pp., 1 appendix.
The purpose of our research was to study the relationships of adolescents (8th and 9th graders) physical activity with smoking and alcohol use. We also explored the differencies of sports club regularly involved adolescents smoking and alcoholic use to other peers substance use. Additionally we studied the relatioship of adolescents screen time to smoking and alcohol use. The results were compared on gender and school grade.
The data of this Master's thesis is part of the Liikkuva koulu -project. The data of the study was collected with a questionnaire from 23 schools from all over the Finland during the projects fourth measurement occasion, condacted in spring 2012. The subjects of the research was 951 students on 8th to 9th grade, of which 484 were girls and 467 boys. The data of the study was analysed statistically with frequencies, percentages, cross-tabulations and Pearson's correlation coefficient.
The results of the study showed that the amount of physical activity and regular involvement to sports club activities had a negative impact on adolescents smoking, especially among boys and 9th graders. In addition the results showed that boys who moved 6–7 times a week for at least 60 minutes a day smoke less compared to their peers who moved 0–2 times a week. A similar observation was also made among 9th graders. 85.9 % of boys who were regularly involved in sports club activities responded to be non-smokers, while 71.4 % of the non-participants responded similarly. Among girls and 8th graders regular sports club involvement was statistically significantly associated with smoking, unlike the amount of physical activity. Alcohol use was not statistically significantly related to the amount of physical activity or regular sports club involvement among either gender. Respectively, regular sports club involvement seems to increase slightly the 9th graders alcohol use. 14.6 % of the 9th grade regular sports club participants reported to use alcohol on a weekly basis, while 9.1 % of the non-participants responded similarly. The study also found that the use of computer on school days was slightly related to increased smoking and alcohol use among both genders.
Our results suggest that physical activity and regular sports club involvement is associated with smoking among adolescents, but not necessarily the use of alcohol. These observations are similar with earlier studies. It would be important that the youth educational workers and coaches of the sport clubs are aware of these findings and the opportunities that physical activities offer for adolescents substance abuse education.unknown accessibilityei tietoa saavutettavuudest
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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