1,720,953 research outputs found
Longitudinal Models of Common Factors in Psychotherapy
No full textAn abundance of empirical studies (original and meta-analytic) has proven that psychological therapy is – on average – effective. Less is known, however, about how psychotherapy actually works. What are the factors and processes that lead to changes within patients over the course of a successful treatment? And what may be missing in unsuccessful treatments? One category of factors that has long been theorized to contribute significantly to treatment outcome encompasses so-called common factors. They include different aspects of the therapeutic process that are supposed to play key roles in any bona fide therapy, i.e., any treatment that is recognized as legitimate and credible within the field of psychotherapy research. Investigating the possible effects of common factors on therapy outcome proves to be rather difficult, as many common factors (hypothetically) pervade the whole therapeutic process and are not readily amenable to isolation and manipulation. Study designs employing intensive measurements and advanced statistical methods are warranted to deepen our understanding of the therapeutic process and improve our abilities to tailor treatments to individual patient characteristics.
Therefore, the studies of this dissertation were dedicated to investigating the effects of three common factors on treatment targets of psychotherapy, using longitudinal structural equation models. Study one investigated the role of resource activation, i.e., the recognition, validation, and enhancement of the patient’s psychosocial resources, in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for caregivers of people with dementia. Analyses using multiple linear regression revealed that resource activation averaged over all twelve sessions of the intervention significantly predicted resource utilization after therapy from the patient’s perspective (but not from the therapist’s perspective). Moreover, the trajectory of resource activation was investigated applying latent curve modeling (LCM). Average resource activation exhibited a distinct pattern across therapy from the patient’s and the therapist’s perspective: Resource activation increased (on average) in the first phase of therapy (sessions 1-4), this increase levelled off over the middle phase (sessions 4-10), and resource activation increased again at the last phase of therapy (sessions 10-12). Patient’s baseline use of social support resources was negatively associated with the trajectory of resource activation reported by patients in the final therapy phase, and baseline use of well-being resources was positively related to the trajectory of resource activation rated by therapists at the beginning of therapy (i.e., session one). Resource activation from the patient’s perspective at the first session had a positive effect on post-treatment utilization of social and well-being resources.
The second study examined effects of treatment credibility on symptoms of anxiety and depression in a heterogenous outpatient sample receiving CBT. Treatment credibility refers to how plausible and convincing a patient finds the treatment. Methodological, study two went beyond study one by not only analyzing the trajectory of treatment credibility, but by separately investigating within- and between-person effects. To this end, the LCM with structured residuals was applied (LCM-SR). Treatment credibility exhibited a slight increase across the first 25 sessions of CBT, and this increase was associated with a decrease in symptoms of depression and anxiety. The study did not find significant within-person effects of treatment credibility on symptoms of depression or anxiety measured over a time interval of five sessions. However, exploratory analyses applying a modified LCM-SR to session-wise data revealed significant negative within-person effects of treatment credibility on symptom severity. Sessions after which treatment credibility was higher than expected based on the individual trajectory were followed by sessions in which symptom severity had declined more than expected.
The aims of study three were twofold: First, study three was designed to compare different modelling strategies of the working alliance-symptom severity association regarding the role of time. More precisely, study three compared the performance of several discrete and continuous time models that separate within- and between-person effects of the alliance on symptom severity (and vice versa) in a heterogenous outpatient sample receiving CBT. Results suggested that a continuous time model using session number as time variable fitted the data best. Second, the third study addressed several substantive issues regarding the alliance based on the best fitting continuous time model. The working alliance exhibited a negative effect on symptom severity, and this effect reached its maximum at a time interval of one to two sessions. Furthermore, the effect of the working alliance on symptom severity was positively correlated with the reciprocal effect of symptom severity on the working alliance. Thus, individuals with a stronger effect of the alliance on symptom severity also showed a stronger effect of symptom severity on the alliance.
The discussion draws important links between these results in light of recent research findings and underlines how the methodological differences of these studies allow for an investigation of different aspects of the therapeutic process. On the background of the limitations common to all three studies, questions for future research are presented
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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