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Inflammation and body composition in over- and undernutrition: Overweight and cancer cachexia
No full textThis thesis focuses on the association between inflammation and body composition and consists of one cross sectional study in healthy overweight and in lean subjects (paper I), and one prospective study in patients with pancreatic cancer (papers II and III). In paper I, the relationship between inflammatory markers and body composition measured with anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was examined in healthy individuals. Increasing hip circumference (HC) was associated with increasing levels of leptin and C-reactive protein (CRP) in both groups. CRP increased with increasing body mass index (BMI), also in the lean group. HC may be a proxy for fat percent measured with BIA in lean and overweight individuals, and may be useful for identification of people at risk of developing overweight-related disorders. In paper II the level of inflammatory markers, body composition, energy intake and development of cachexia was examined. Pancreatic cancer patients had higher levels of inflammatory markers compared with a healthy reference population at inclusion, and the levels increased as death approached. Weight, fat- and muscle mass were reduced during follow-up. At inclusion, there were no differences in the levels of inflammatory markers between patients who were classified as cachectic and those who were not. These results indicate that the increased levels of inflammation may be caused by the tumor and the tumor-host reactions. The third paper compared two classifications of cancer cachexia; the 3-factor classification that includes CRP as a criterion, and the consensus classification that includes sarcopenia as a criterion. Patients were categorized as cachectic and non-cachectic according to both classifications. Consistency across definitions was examined, as well as their ability to predict survival. The two classifications of cancer cachexia showed good overall agreement in defining cachectic patients, and cachexia was associated with poorer survival according to both. Inflammation in the body may be caused by fat mass and tumors. Overweight increases the risk for chronic diseases and pancreatic cancer. In cancer patients, the tumor may cause systemic inflammation, and cytokines may trigger weight loss and might be a driving force behind cachexia. Among pancreatic cancer patients, those with neither weight loss, reduced energy intake, systemic inflammation nor sarcopenia have the longest survival. We suggest that clinical interventions should be directed towards optimizing these risk factors in these patients
Fortsatt Foreldre – et kurs for foreldre etter samlivsbrudd. En brukerevaluering blant kursledere
No full textFortsatt Foreldre – et kurs for foreldre etter samlivsbrudd. En brukerevaluering blant kursledere
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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