130,453 research outputs found
Fast Fourier transformation of electromagnetic data for computationally expensive kernels
No full textNotebooks to reproduce the figures of
Werthmüller, D., Mulder, W. A., & Slob, E. C., 2021. Fast Fourier transformation of electromagnetic data for computationally expensive kernels, Geophysical Journal International (GJI-20-0642.R2, accepted 2021-04-21)
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Time-Domain CSEM Modelling Using Frequency- and Laplace-Domain Computations
No full textModelling time-domain electromagnetic data with a frequency-domain code requires the computation of manyfrequencies for the Fourier transform. This can make it computationally very expensive when compared with timedomain codes. However, it has been shown that frequency-domain codes can be competitive if frequencydependent modelling grids and clever frequency selection are used. We improve existing schemes by focusing on (a) minimizing the dimension of the required grid and (b) minimizing the required frequencies with logarithmicallyspaced Fourier transforms and interpolation. These two changes result in a significant speed-up over previous results. We also tried to further speed-up the computation by using the real-valued Laplace domain instead of the complex-valued frequency domain. Computation in the Laplace domain results in a speed-up of roughly 30% over computation in the frequency domain. Although there is no analytical transformation from the Laplace to the time domain we were able to derive a digital linear filter for it. While this filter works fine for exact analytical responses it turned out that it is very susceptible to the smallest error. This makes it unfortunately unsuitable for iterative 3D solvers which approximate the solution to a certain tolerance.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Applied Geophysics and Petrophysic
Fast Fourier transform of electromagnetic data for computationally expensive kernels
No full text3-D controlled-source electromagnetic data are often computed directly in the domain of interest, either in the frequency domain or in the time domain. Computing it in one domain and transforming it via a Fourier transform to the other domain is a viable alternative. It requires the evaluation of many responses in the computational domain if standard Fourier transforms are used. This can make it prohibitively expensive if the kernel is time-consuming as is the case in 3-D electromagnetic modelling. The speed of modelling obtained through such a transform is defined by three key points: solver, method and implementation of the Fourier transform, and gridding. The faster the solver, the faster modelling will be. It is important that the solver is robust over a wide range of values (frequencies or times). The method should require as few kernel evaluations as possible while remaining robust. As the frequency and time ranges span many orders of magnitude, the required values are ideally equally spaced on a logarithmic scale. The proposed fast method uses either the digital linear filter method or the logarithmic fast Fourier transform together with a careful selection of evaluation points and interpolation. In frequency-to-time domain tests this methodology requires typically 15-20 frequencies to cover a wide range of offsets. The gridding should be frequency-or time-dependent, which is accomplished by making it a function of skin depth. Optimizing for the least number of required cells should be combined with optimizing for computational speed. Looking carefully at these points resulted in much smaller computation times with speedup factors of ten or more over previous methods. A computation in one domain followed by transformation can therefore be an alternative to computation in the other domain domain if the required evaluation points and the corresponding grids are carefully chosen.</p
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
A tool for designing digital filters for the Hankel and Fourier transforms in potential, diffusive, and wavefield modeling
No full textThe open-source code fdesign makes it possible to design digital linear filters for the Hankel and Fourier transforms used in potential, diffusive, and wavefield modeling. Digital filters can be derived for any electromagnetic (EM) method, such as methods in the diffusive limits (direct current, controlledsource EM [CSEM]) as well as methods using higher frequency content (ground-penetrating radar [GPR], acoustic and elastic wavefields). The direct matrix inversion method is used for the derivation of the filter values, and a brute-force minimization search is carried out over the defined spacing and shifting values of the filter basis. Included or user-provided theoretical transform pairs are used for the inversion. Alternatively, one can provide layered subsurface models that will be computed with a precise quadrature method using the EM modeler empymod to generate numerical transform pairs. The comparison of the presented 201 pt filter with previously presented filters indicates that it performs better for some standard CSEM cases. The derivation of a longer 2001 pt filter for a GPR example with a 250 MHz center frequency proves that the filter method works not only for diffusive EM fields but also for wave phenomena. The presented algorithm provides a tool to create problem specific digital filters. Such purpose-built filters can be made shorter and can speed up consecutive potential, diffusive, and wavefield inversions.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Applied Geophysics and Petrophysic
Inversion of multi-transient EM data from anisotropic media
No full textForward modelling demonstrates that resistivity anisotropy has a huge effect on Multi-Transient ElectroMagnetic step and impulse responses. The earth is never isotropic – even a stack of isotropic layers behaves anisotropically – and there is a great need to ccount for resistivity anisotropy in order to delineate the true target depth and target transverse resistance in ElectroMagnetic surveying. I account for resistivity anisotropy by (a) deriving apparent anisotropy formulae and using them together with apparent resistivities for a fast iterative inversion scheme, and (b) by including anisotropy into a 1D full waveform inversion scheme. Full anisotropic inversions result in much smoother models than isotropic inversions. Sharp resistivity boundaries result in anisotropy anomalies, as horizontal and vertical resistivities are not affected in the same way. Anisotropic inversion results yield a good indication of the present background anisotropy. Carrying out inversions with fixed anisotropies, e.g. determined in a free anisotropic inversion, can improve the result significantly compared with an isotropic inversion.Applied GeophysicsGeotechnologyCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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