851 research outputs found
Cue-taking, populist attitudes, and support for holding a referendum: evidence from survey experiments
No full textWhy do citizens support holding a referendum? In this article, we
argue that citizens are instrumental by using heuristics and cues
from parties, independent experts, and the population to decide
whether to hold a referendum. We further expect that populist
and non-populist citizens differ in how they respond to these
cues. Using pre-registered survey experiments in Austria and
Germany, we find that citizens’ support depends mainly on their
attitudes towards the respective policy and the opinion of their
preferred party, while the views of experts and the public play
only a subordinate role. Crucially, we find no systematic
differences between populist and non-populist citizens,
suggesting that even populists’ support for holding a referendum
depends mainly on instrumental rather than normative
considerations. This study provides comprehensive insights into
the causal mechanisms of support for direct democracy and their
implications for liberal and representative democracy
Large transconductance oscillations in a single-well vertical Aharonov-Bohm interferometer
No full textAharonov-Bohm (AB) interference is reported for the first time in the conductance of a vertical nanostructure based on a single GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum well (QW). The two lowest subbands of the well are spatially separated by the Hartree barrier originating from electronic repulsion in the modulation-doped QW and provide AB two-path geometry. Split-gates control the in-plane electronic momentum dispersion. In our system, we have clearly demonstrated AB interference in both electrostatic and magnetic modes. In the latter case the magnetic field was applied parallel to the QW plane, and perpendicular to the 0.02 mum(2) AB loop. In the electrostatic mode of operation the single-QW scheme adopted led to large transconductance oscillations with relative amplitudes exceeding 30%. The relevance of the present design strategy for the implementation of coherent nanoelectronic devices is underlined
Young radicals, moderates and aligned: Ideological congruence and incongruence in party youth wings
No full textThe ideological fit between party grassroots and leaderships has long been a concern for political science, with members in general, and young members in particular, thought to be more radical. However, we do not know, first, whether this is still the case and, if it is, what drives members in different ideological directions. To investigate, we propose a new typology of members as radicals, moderates and aligned, and develop a theoretical framework that accounts for how political socialization and party contexts drive congruence and incongruence. We test this using YOUMEM survey data from over 4,000 members of 12 youth wings in six countries. Our results show that while radicals are the largest group in most youth wings, they are more common on the centre-left than the centre-right. They tend to have been in the youth wing for longer than aligned members, but are under-represented among politically ambitious members. Our findings thus shed light on opinion structures within political parties and provide a typology for future research on intra-party cohesion
Thermoelectric cooling properties of a quantum Hall Corbino device
No full textWe analyze the thermoelectric cooling properties of a Corbino device in the quantum Hall regime on the basis of experimental data of electrical conductance. We focus on the cooling power and the coefficient of performance within and beyond linear response. Thermovoltage measurements in this device reported by Real et al., [Phys. Rev. Appl. 14, 034019 (2020)] indicated that the transport takes place in the diffusive regime, without signatures of effects due to the electron-phonon interaction in a wide range of temperatures and filling factors. In this regime, the heat and charge currents by electrons can be described by a single transmission function. We infer this function from experimental data of conductance measurements and we calculate the cooling power and the coefficient of performance for a wide range of filling factors and temperatures, as functions of the thermal and electrical biases. We predict an interesting cooling performance in several parameter regimes.Fil: Herrera Mateos, Juan Darío. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias Físicas. - Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Ciencias Físicas; ArgentinaFil: Real, Mariano Alfredo. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Calidad Industrial. - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial. Instituto de Calidad Industrial; ArgentinaFil: Reichl, Christian. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich; Suiza. Solid State Physics Laboratory; IndiaFil: Tonina, Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Calidad Industrial. - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial. Instituto de Calidad Industrial; ArgentinaFil: Wegscheider, Werner. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich; Suiza. Solid State Physics Laboratory; IndiaFil: Dietsche, Werner. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich; Suiza. Solid State Physics Laboratory; India. Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research; AlemaniaFil: Arrachea, Liliana del Carmen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias Físicas. - Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Ciencias Físicas; Argentin
Inside party youth wings: the YOUMEM project
No full textYouth wings fulfil vital democratic functions. They connect parties with young people, socialise them into political life, and train future candidates and officials. Yet, youth wings have been largely overlooked by party scholars. In this article, we present the Youth Wing Membership Survey (YOUMEM) dataset. With responses from over 5000 members of 12 centre-left and centre-right youth wings in Australia, Austria, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden, YOUMEM is the largest comparative study of youth wing members ever conducted. Using the dataset, we examine some basic questions about youth wing members: who they are, when and why they join. We find that youth wing members are primarily men and highly educated. Many have relatives who were party members, and most are extremely ambitious compared to senior party members. Beyond these commonalities, we also uncover differences across party families and countries. Our project provides a unique window on the young people in contemporary youth wings
Inside party youth wings: The YOUMEM project
No full textYouth wings fulfil vital democratic functions. They connect parties with young people, socialise them into political life, and train future candidates and officials. Yet, youth wings have been largely overlooked by party scholars. In this article, we present the Youth Wing Membership Survey (YOUMEM) dataset. With responses from over 5000 members of 12 centre-left and centre-right youth wings in Australia, Austria, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden, YOUMEM is the largest comparative study of youth wing members ever conducted. Using the dataset, we examine some basic questions about youth wing members: who they are, when and why they join. We find that youth wing members are primarily men and highly educated. Many have relatives who were party members, and most are extremely ambitious compared to senior party members. Beyond these commonalities, we also uncover differences across party families and countries. Our project provides a unique window on the young people in contemporary youth wings
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